Summer Term

Question 1

Which phytohormone is primarily responsible for cell elongation in plant shoots?

Answer 1

Auxin

Question 2

5 Major Groups of Phytohormones in Higher Plants

Answer 2

Auxins
Gibberellins
Cytokinins
Abscisic Acid (ABA)
Ethylene

Question 3

Gibberellins were first discovered in which type of plant?

Answer 3

Rice

Question 4

Which hormone is known as the “stress hormone” in plants?

Answer 4

ABA: abscisic acid

Question 5

List the main functions of gibberellins in plants

Answer 5

Germination of seeds
Stress response
Elongation of internodes
Promotes flower and fruit growth
Encourages cell division

Question 6

Describe the effects of ethylene on plant growth and development.

Answer 6

Stimulates leaf and flower senescence
Inhibits shoot growth outside the seedling stage
Affects neighboring plants
Induces flowering in pineapples
Used in climacteric fruit ripening

Question 7

What are the primary applications of auxins in viticulture?

Answer 7

Rooting powders for cuttings
Foliar sprays to improve fruit set and berry size

Question 8

Explain the role of abscisic acid in plant stress responses.

Answer 8

Induces stomatal closure
Controls seed dormancy
Produced during osmotic stress
Important in environmental stress responses and pathogen defense

Question 9

Who first discovered auxins in the late 19th century?

Answer 9

Darwin

Question 10

What is the most important auxin?

Answer 10

Indol-3-acetic-acid (IAA)

Question 11

Which phytohormone is used to stimulate seed germination and internode elongation?

Answer 11

Gibberellins

Question 12

Which natural cytokinin is an adenine-type cytokinin?

Answer 12

Zeatin

Question 13

Abscisic Acid (ABA) is antagonistic to which other phytohormones?

Answer 13

Gibberellins and some Auxins

Question 14

Ethylene production can be stimulated by which phytohormone?

Answer 14

Auxin

Question 15

What is the active component of ethylene discovered by Dimitry Neljubow?

Answer 15

Ethylene

Question 16

Which synthetic auxin is used in rooting powders to promote lateral root growth?

Answer 16

IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid)

Question 17

What is the chemical formula for alcohol?

Answer 17

C6H12O6 + yeast 2C2H6O + 2CO2

Question 18

What are the three steps of the Calvin cylcle?

Answer 18

Carboxylation, reduction, regeneration

Question 19

Name some factors affecting photosynthesis?

Answer 19

• Light intensity
• Temperature
• CO2
• O2
• Water & humidity
• Leaf Age
• Leaf insertion
• Nutrient supply

Question 20

Transpiration: How can the water flow upwards against gravity???

Answer 20

Capillary action from pressure in soil and roots.

Question 21

What factors effect the rate of
transpiration?

Answer 21

• Humidity
• Temperature
• Light (photosynthesis and CO2
  requirements)
• Wind
• Water deficiency

Question 22

How can we measure water deficiency?

Answer 22

Measure the leaf water
potential using a pressure
chamber

Question 23

What is a gene?

Answer 23

-basic unit of heredity
-Sequence of DNA
-A set of instructions that is
translated into RNA for
Protein synthesis

Question 24

What are the 3 components of Nucleic acids?

Answer 24

• Nitrogenous base
• A ribose (5 carbon sugar)
• Phoshate group

Question 25

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 25

DNA is made up of chains of
Deoxyribose nucleotides with
A, G, C and T bases

Question 26

What is RNA made up of?

Answer 26

RNA is made up of chains of
Ribose nucleotides with A, G, C
and U bases

Question 27

_____________ is the building blocks for proteins?

Answer 27

amino acids

Question 28

What are the two types of cell division?

Answer 28

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 29

Who discovered the principals of heredity?