Lecture 5 Flashcards
Where does the shoot arise from?
The shoot arises from the apical meristem (within a bid on the cane/spur from the previous season.)
What is Phenology?
- “A branch of science dealing with the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena”
- In grapevines it describes vegetative and reproductive cycle!
Name (and when applicable) describe the major stages of the Vegetative Cycle
Budburst
Shoots 10 cm (Inflorescence clear, 5 leaves seperated)
Flowering Begins
Flowering (50% caps off)
Setting (Young berries growing Bunch at right angles to stem)
Berries pea-size (Bunches hanging down)
Veraison (Berry softening continues Berry colouring begins)
Harvest (Berries Ripe)
What happens to grapevines during Senescence?
- Canes ripen from green to brown
- Leaves can fall prematurely in cases of frost in the fall (.: wind machines)
What happens to the grapevines durnig dormancy?
Vines go through acclimation in the fall and build-up sugar that acts like anti-freeze (freezing point depression)
What hormones do buds produce? What does it do?
Buds produce hormone auxin; that stimulates bud swelling.
Difference between cane and cordons?
Cane pruning uses a SHOOT from the previous season to grow while a mature cordon uses SPURS pruned from previous season.
What does VSP stand for?
Vertical Shoot Positioning
Name 3 Grapevine Training Systems
VSP, Pendelbogen, Halbbogen, Scott Henry,
Where are the shoots formed?
The shoot tissues are pre-formed in the bud, which is dormat through the winter.
What is the goal of the different training systems?
Goal is to optimize yield and fruit quality and ripeness.
What is the main function of the root?
- Water and mineral absorption
- Anchor and support
- To store carbohydrates/starch
What is a rooted vine?
Grapevines that are grown from cuttint lack of taproot, and have many main roots that originate from the vascular cambium.
List 5 Reasons to Use Rootstocks
-phylloxera resistance
-nematode resistance
-lime tolerant
-adaptability to low pH soils, saline soils, wet feet and drought
-shorten growing season
-winter hardiness
-control uptake of nutrients
-decrease vine size
Describe the life cycle of the phylloxera?
Complex lifestyle and lives in 2 different populations on the leaves and on the roots.
What does the state of the soil prior to planting determine?
-how deep and extensively the roots are able to migrate through the soil
Where do roots form?
Roots form in the pericycle in the vascular tissue of the rootstock.
Do rootstocks beneficial?
Rootstocks provide many benefits: pest resistance and resistance to soil and climatic consitions.
Establishing ______ early in the grapevine life is important for the health of the vine.
Establishment of the roots early in the grapevine life is important for the health of the vine.