Summer Studying - Cellular Metabolism

Question 1

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 1

the complete energy releasing breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen

Question 2

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 2

The energy releasing breakdown of glucose to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

Question 3

Anabolism

Answer 3

Metabolic process by which larger molecules are synthesized from smaller ones; anabolic metabolism

Question 4

Anticodon

Answer 4

Three contiguous nucleotides of a transfer RNA molecule that are complementary to a specific mRNA codon

Question 5

Catabolism

Answer 5

Releases energy, breaks down large molecules into smaller ones; catabolic metabolism

Question 6

Codon

Answer 6

Set of three nucleotides of a messenger RNA molecule corresponding to a particular amino acid

Question 7

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 7

Anabolic process that joins small molecules by releasing the equivalent of a water molecule; synthesis

Question 8

Enzyme

Answer 8

A protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

Portion of a DNA molecule that encodes information to synthesize a protein, a control sequence , tRNA or rRNA; the unit of inheritance

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Enzymatically adding a water molecule to split a molecule into smaller portions

Question 11

Oxidation

Answer 11

Process by which oxygen combines with another chemical; the removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons; opposite of reduction

Question 12

Replication

Answer 12

Production of an exact copy of a DNA molecule

Question 13

Substrate

Answer 13

the substance upon which an enzyme acts

Question 14

Mutation

Answer 14

Change in nucleic acid sequence

Question 15

Enzyme

Answer 15

Protein that initiates or speeds a chemical reaction without being consumed