Summer Packet Flashcards
What is Manoralism
The economic system by which peasants were bound to land by means of serfdom
What is feudalism?
Feudalism deals with the relationship between nobles and vassals. European political system in which a lord owned all the land while vassals and serfs farmed it
What is serfdom?
Serfdom is the forced labour of serfs, on the fields of the land owners. Serfs got protection and the right to work on the leased fields
How long did Medieval Europe last?
5th to the 15th century
How did the medieval ages start?
The fall of the Roman Empire
What were the crusades?
The Crusades were battles fought between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land
What was the first crusade?
Pope Urban II called for a crusade to help the Byzantines and to free the city of Jerusalem
What were reasons people fought?
Jesus wanted it
Christians were entitled to the land
Infidels should not be in the Holy Land
Was the first crusade successful?
Yes. It took Jerusalem
What was the Babylonian Captivity (Avignon Papacy)
refers to a period in the history of the Roman Catholic Church when the seat of the Pope was moved from Rome to Avignon
The Great Schism
It was a division of the catholic church. It led to the Eastern Church and the Western Church. Several men had claimed to be pope at the same time
Why did the Avignon papacy occur?
Urban VI refused to give up his thrown and a french catholic council declared Clement VII to become pope who went to Avignon
Who was John Wycliffe?
He wanted the bible translated to English and believed Christians had the right to read it
Who was John Huss?
he translated the Bible into Czech and was killed by the Council of Constance
What was the Conciliar Movement?
Christian reform movement in the 14th and 15th centuries in the Roman Catholic Church which held that final authority in spiritual matters resided with the general church council
What was taught in Medieval universities?
Trivium and Quadrivium
What was Trivium?
Logic, grammar and rhetoric
What is Quadrivium?
Arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy.
Why were medieval universities created?
the aim was to create a large body of educated priests
What was scholasticism?
Scholasticism is a way of thinking and teaching knowledge.It started when people wanted to bring together what is called classical philosophy with the teachings of Christian theology
What is an example of scholasticism?
Students themselves were taught to defend views that they did not themselves hold in disputations. TO THINK FOR THEIR OWN. Students were taught to argue from reason, experience, and authority
What was the Hundred Years War?
The Hundred Years’ War was fought between France and England during the late Middle Ages
What caused the Hundred Years War?
The war started because Charles IV of France died in 1328 without a son. Edward III of England then believed he had the right to become the new king of France through his mother. The French did not want a foreign king, so Philip VI of France said he ought to be king
Who believed he should become king and of what?
Edward III of England. France.
Who of France died?
Charles IV
What were Burghers?
Medieval Merchants. They made livings from trade of craft. If there was a demand of goods, he could sell his goods.
What was the Renaissance?
The major transition marking the rise of the modern world. Intensified scholarship and a sense of potential led to rebirth
