Summer Homework Flashcards
(prefixes) pico
symbol:
numerical equivalent:
p; 10^-12
(prefixes) nano
symbol:
numerical equivalent:
n; n^-9
(prefixes) micro
symbol:
numerical equivalent:
μ; 10^-6
(prefixes) mili
symbol:
numerical equivalent:
m; 10^-3
(prefixes) centi
symbol:
numerical equivalent:
c; 10^-2
(prefixes) kilo
symbol:
numerical equivalent:
k; 10^3
(prefixes) mega
symbol:
numerical equivalent:
M; 10^6
(prefixes) giga
symbol:
numerical equivalent:
G; 10^9
(intro to language of Kinematics) mechanics: the study of the
motion of objects
(intro to language of Kinematics) Kinematics is the science of describing the …. of objects using …, …., …, …., and ….
motion; words; diagrams; numbers; graphs; equations
(intro to language of Kinematics) kinematics is a branch of
mechanics
(intro to language of Kinematics) the goal of any study of kinematics is to develop …. that describe and explain the motion of real-world objects
sophisticated mental models
(scalars and vectors) the mathematical quantities that are used to describe the motion of objects can be divided into two categories:
scalars/ vectors
(scalars and vectors) scalars are quantities that are fully described by a …
magnitude alone
(scalars and vectors) vectors are quantities that are fully described by a …
magnitude and a direction
(distance and displacement) distance is a … quantity that refers to “how much …. an object has ….” during its …
scalar; ground; covered; motion
(distance and displacement) displacement is a … quantity that refers to “how far …. an object is”: it is the object’s overall ….
vector; out of place; change in position
(distance and displacement) displacement must give attention to
direction
(distance and displacement) vector quantities such as displacement are
direction aware
(distance and displacement) scalar quantities such as distance are ignorant of
direction
(Speed and Velocity) speed is a … quantity that refers to “how … an object is …”
scalar; fast; moving
(Speed and Velocity) speed can be thought of as the rate at which an object
covers distance
(Speed and Velocity) a fast-moving object has a …. speed and covers a relatively … distance in a short amount of time. the opposite is true
high; large
(Speed and Velocity) an object with no movement at all has … speed
zero
(Speed and Velocity) Velocity is a … quantity that refers to the rate at which an object
changes its position
(Speed and Velocity) if a person in motion wishes to maximize their velocity, then that person must make every effort to maxmize the amount that they are …. from their original position
displaced
(Speed and Velocity) velocity is
direction aware
(Speed and Velocity) one must include …. in order to fully describe an object’s velocity
direction
(Speed and Velocity) speed is a scalar quantity and does not
keep track of direction
(Speed and Velocity) the direction of the velocity vector is the same as the ….
direction that an object is moving
(Speed and Velocity) average speed during the course of a motion is computed through the following formula:
distance traveled/ time of travel
(Speed and Velocity) average velocity computed through following formula
change in position/ time = displacement/ time
(Speed and Velocity) instantaneous speed: the speed at any
given instant in time
(Speed and Velocity) average speed: the average of all ….
instantaneous speeds
(Speed and Velocity) constant speed: object will cover the same … every …. of time
same distance; regular interval
(Acceleration) acceleration is a …. quantity that is defined as the rate at which an object ….
vector; changes its velocity
(Acceleration) an object is accelerating if it is changing its
velocity
(Acceleration) constant acceleration: velocity is changing by a …. per …
constant amount; time interval
(Acceleration) a free-falling object that is accelerating at a constant rate will cover different … in each consecutive …
distances; second
(Acceleration) for objects with a constant acceleration, the distance of travel is directly proportional to the
square of the time of travel
(Acceleration) average acceleration=
change in velocity/ time = (vf - vi)/ t
(Acceleration) since acceleration is change of velocity/ time its units would be
velocity units per time units (e.g. m/s/s/ → m/s^2)
(Acceleration) The direction of the acceleration vector depends on whether the object is …. or …. and whether the object is …. in the … or …
speeding up; slowing down; moving in the + or - direction
(Acceleration) the general principle for determining the acceleration is: if an object is slowing down, then its acceleration is in the
opposite direction of its motion
(Acceleration) an object that is speeding up has an acceleration of the same direction as the …. This object thus has a …. acceleration
velocity; positive
(Acceleration) When an object is slowing down, the acceleration is in the opposite direction as the …. Thus, the object has a …. acceleration
velocity; negative
(intro to diagrams) the two most commonly used types of diagrams used to describe the motion of objects are:
ticker tape diagrams and vector diagrams
(ticker tape diagrams) ticker tape analysis: a long tape is attached to a moving object and threaded through a device that places a … upon the tape at regular intervals of time. as the object moves, it drags the tape, leaving a trail of …
tick; dots
(ticker tape diagrams) the trail of dots provides a history of the object’s …. and therefore a … of the object’s …
motion; representation; motion
(ticker tape diagrams) the distance between dots on a ticker tape represents the object’s …. during that time interval
position change
(ticker tape diagrams) a large distance between dots indicates that the object was moving … during that time interval. the opposite is true
fast
(ticker tape diagrams) a changing distance between dots indicates a changing … and thus an …
velocity; acceleration
(vector diagrams) vector diagrams are diagrams that depict the … and relative … of a vector quantity by a …
direction; magnitude; vector arrow
(vector diagrams) vector diagrams can be used to describe the velocity of a … during its …
moving object; motion
(vector diagrams) the magnitude of a vector quantity is represented by the … of the vector arrow
size
(vector diagrams) vector diagrams can represent a variety of physical quantities, including …, …, and …
acceleration, force, and momentum
(the meaning of shape for a p-t graph) p-t graph:
position vs. time graphs
(the meaning of shape for a p-t graph) a motion described as a constant, positive velocity results in a line of … and … slope when plotted as a position-time graph
constant; positive
(the meaning of shape for a p-t graph) a motion described as a changing, positive velocity results in a line of … and …. slope when plotted as a p-t graph
changing; positive
(the meaning of shape for a p-t graph) the slope of the line on a position-time graph reveals useful information about the … of the object
velocity
(the meaning of shape for a p-t graph) whatever characteristics the velocity has, the slope will exhibit the
same
(the meaning of shape for a p-t graph) a larger slope is indicative of a … and is …
larger velocity; faster
(the meaning of shape for a p-t graph) negative acceleration shown when slope starts out small and then becomes …. the object moves in the … direction and … up
large; negative; speeds
(the meaning of shape for a p-t graph) positive acceleration shown when slope starts out … and becomes ….→the object moves in the … direction and … down
large; smaller; negative; slows
(determining the slope on a p-t graph) the slope of the line on the p-t graph is equal to the
velocity of the object
(Meaning of shape for a v-t graph) for a constant, positive velocity on a v-t graph, the line has a
zero slope
(Meaning of shape for a v-t graph) on a v-t graph, a changing, positive velocity results in a
positive sloped line
(Meaning of shape for a v-t graph) the slope of the line on a v-t graph reveals useful information about the
acceleration of the object
(Meaning of shape for a v-t graph) if the acceleration = 0, the slope is ….. If the acceleration is +, the slope is …. If the acceleration is negative, the slope is …
0; +; negative
(Meaning of shape for a v-t graph) on a v-t graph, velocity is positive whenever the line lies in the … the opposite is true
positive region
(Meaning of shape for a v-t graph) sppeding up means that the magnitude of the velocity is getting
large
(Meaning of shape for a v-t graph) If the line is approaching the x-axis, the object is …., the opposite is true
approaching the x-axis
(meaning of slope for a v-t graph) for a v-t graph, the slope of the line is equal to the
acceleration
speeding up: magnitude of …
velocity increases
area of a v-t graph represents
displacement
area of a v-t graph can be found using
geometric shapes and the formulas for their areas
(intro to free fall) a free falling object is an object that is falling under the sole influence of
gravity
(intro to free fall) any object that is being acted upon only by the force of gravity is said to be in a state of
free fall
(intro to free fall) free-falling objects do not encounter
air resistance
(intro to free fall) all free-falling objects on Earth accelerate downwards at a rate of
9.8 m/s^2
(intro to free fall) because free-falling objects are accelerating downwards at 9.8 m/s^2, a … or … of its motion would depict an acceleration
ticker tape trace; dot diagram
(acceleration of gravity) symbol for acceleration of ggravity (9.8 blah blah)
g
(acceleration of gravity) to accelerate at 9.8 m/s^2 means to change the velocity by
9.8 m/s each second n
(representing free fall by graphs) the p-t graph for g is … a … initial slope and a … final slope that is …
curved; small; large; negative
(representing free fall by graphs) v-t graph for g has a … line, starting with … velocity and finishing with a …, … velocity; the slope is …
straight; zero; large, negative; negative
(How Fast? How Far?) the velocity of a free-falling object that has been dropped from a position of rest is dependent upon the
time that it has fallen
(How Fast? How Far?) the formula for determining the velocity of a falling object after t seconds is
Vf= g * t
(How Fast? How Far?) the distance that a free falling object has fallen from a position of rest is also dependent upon the
time of fall
(How Fast? How Far?) distance fallen after a time of t seconds for a free-falling object is
d= 0.5 * g * t^2
(The Big Misconception) G is the same for all free-falling objects regardless of
how long they have been falling
(The Big Misconception) for free-falling objects, the more massive object … accelerate at a greater rate
DOES NOT
(The Big Misconception) more massive objects will only fall faster if there is an
appreciable amount of air resistance present
(The Big Misconception) the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to … and inversely proportional to …
force; mass
(The Big Misconception) the greater force on more massive objects is offset by the … influence of
inverse; greater mass
(the kinematic equations) kinematic equations: equations used to describe and represent the
motion of objects
(the kinematic equations) the kinematic equations are a set of four equations that can be utilized to predict unknown information about an object’s motion if
other info is known
(the kinematic equations) d1=
vit + 1/2a*t^2
(the kinematic equations) vf^2=
vi^2 + 2ad
(the kinematic equations) vf=
vi + a*t
(the kinematic equations) d2=
(vi + vf)/2 * t
(the kinematic equations) d stands for …, t stands for …, a stands for …, vi stands for …, and vf stands for …
displacement; time; acceleration; initial velocity; final velocity
(applying free fall concepts to problem solving) an object in free fall experiences an acceleration of
-9.8 m/s/s
(applying free fall concepts to problem solving) if an object is merely dropped (as opposed to being thrown) from an elevated height, the initial velocity of the object is
0 m/s
(applying free fall concepts to problem solving) if an object is projected upwards in a perfectly vertical direction, then it will … as it rises upward. the instant at which it reaches the peak of its trajectory, its velocity is …. This value can be used as one of the motion parameters in the kinematic equations
slow down; 0 m/s
(applying free fall concepts to problem solving) if an object is projected upwards in a perfectly vertical direction, then the velocity at which it is projected is … in magnitude and … in sign to the velocity that it has when it ….
equal; opposite; returns to the same height
(kinematic equations and graphs) velocity-time graphs can be used to determine numerical values and relationships between
d, v, a, and t
