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Mind, Brain, and Behavior > Summative #3 Memorization, Week 8 > Flashcards

Summative #3 Memorization, Week 8 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Frontotemporal lobar degenerations

A

Heterogeneous group of non-AD dementias that preferentially affects frontal and temporal lobes. Pick’s disease falls in this category. Deterioration in social function and personality.

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2
Q

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

A

Like Parkinson’s but Lewy bodies have less defined “halo” and are found in cortical regions. Consider with Parkinsonian motor symptoms with early Alzheimer’s-like deficits

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3
Q

Focal seizures

A

Simple focal: still conscious, aura common, may experience motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic signs

Complex focal: impaired consciousness (complete or mild), may experience automatisms, may or may not be preceded by aura

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4
Q

Midbrain blood supply

A

PCA = lateral and medial

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5
Q

Pons blood supply

A 
AICA = lateral
Basilar = medial
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6
Q

Medulla blood supply

A 
PICA = lateral
ASA = medial
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7
Q

Nucleus ambiguous

A

Speech, gag, uvula elevation

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8
Q

Solitary nucleus

A

Taste and sensation in the mouth

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9
Q

Anterior and posterior hypothalamus and temperature regulation

A

Anterior - temperature sensation and initiation of heat reduction mechanisms

Posterior - initiation of heat production mechanisms

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10
Q

Lateral vs ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei

A 
Lateral = feeding/hunger
Ventromedial = satiety
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11
Q

Leptin

A

Released by adipocytes to induce satiety

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12
Q

Ghrelin, orexin, and melanin-concentrating hormone

A

Stimulate feeding behavior

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13
Q

Efavirenz

A

Non-nucleoside antiretroviral associated with worsening mood symptoms including depression, mania, and suicidality. Exacerbates PTSD symptoms.

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14
Q

Issue with protease inhibitor therapy for HIV

A

Inhibit part of cytochrome p450 complex which means it has a lot of drug interactions

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15
Q

Scopolamine

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist, administered via transdermal patch, especially for motion sickness

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16
Q

Olanzapine

A

Targets dopaminergic, serotonergic, muscarinic, histaminergic and adrenergic receptors, good when other medications won’t work

17
Q

Promethazine

A

H1 antagonist and weak DA antagonist, used for pregnancy, can be in form of suppository

18
Q

Brain regions dysfunctional in a coma

A

Bilateral pontomesenphalic reticular formation (midbrain area)
Bilateral diffuse regions of cortex
Bilateral thalami

19
Q

Small responsive pupils bilaterally

A

Pontine lesion

20
Q

Bilateral pinpoint pupils

A

Opiate overdose

21
Q

Central taste pathway

A

Geniculate ganglion > nucleus of the solitary tract > VPM thalamus > primary cortical taste area

22
Q

CNS malformation trisomies

A 
21 = Down
13 = Patau
18 = Edward
23
Q

Fragile X syndrome

A

CGG or GCC repeat at FMR gene on X chromosome

Lower posterior fossa microcephaly, hypertrophy of caudate nucleus and other subcortical nuclei, abnormal dendritic geometry, heterotopias

24
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Inhibition of t-type calcium channels

Only used for purse absence seizures

25
Q

Phenytoin

A

Stabilize Na+ inactivation gate prolonging absolute refractory period
Declining use because and pharmacokinetics

26
Q

Carbamazepine/Oxcarbamazepine

A

Stabilize Na+ inactivation gate prolonging absolute refractory period
Well tolerate with few side effects, may worsen absence seizures, risk of hyponatremia

27
Q

Lamotragine

A

Stabilize Na+ inactivation gate prolonging absolute refractory period
First line for focal/partial seizures
Least teratogenic

28
Q

Topiramate

A

Blacks subtype of glutamate receptors/AMPA
Dose related toxicity, need to stay hydrated
Broad spectrum of action, also used for migraine prophylaxis

29
Q

Valproic acid

A

Mechanism uncertain but helps inhibit high frequency firing of APs
Broad specter, first line for generalized seizures
Most teratogenic

30
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Binds pre-synaptic vesicular proteins, modulating synaptic transmission
Indicated for partial seizures but can work for generalized, great pharmacokinetics

31
Q

AEDs for stabilization of acute manic/mixed episodes

A

Carbamazepine

Valproic acid

32
Q

AEDs for maintenance treatment of manic/mixed episodes

A

Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine
Valproate

33
Q

AED most effective in treating bipolar depression

A

Lamotrigine

34
Q

AEDs for diabetic neuropathy

A

Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Pregabalin
Gabapentin

35
Q

AEDs for post-herpetic neuralgia and fibromyalgia

A

Gabapentin

Pregabalin

36
Q

AEDs for HIV neuropathy

A

Gabapentin

37
Q

AEDs for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

Lamotrigine

38
Q

Cause of locked-in state

A

Basilar artery infarct (medial pons)

39
Q

Tests for diagnosing brain death

A

Caloric test → testing for VOR brainstem reflex

Apnea test → “lack of spontaneous respirations without the ventilator

Mind, Brain, and Behavior (6 decks)

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