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Mind, Brain, and Behavior > Summative #3 Memorization, Week 7 > Flashcards

Summative #3 Memorization, Week 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Innervation of outer and inner surfaces of tympanic membrane

A

Outer surface = CNV3 (auriculotemporal)

Inner surface = CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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2
Q

Innervation of tensor tympani and stapedius muscles

A

Tensor Tympani = CNV3 (auriculotemporal)

Stapedius = CNVII (facial)

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3
Q

3 branches of facial nerve through facial canal

A

Greater petrosal nerve
Motor portion
Chorda tympani

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4
Q

Frequency range sensitivity for hearing

A

20 - 16,000/20,000 Hz

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5
Q

Loudness range sensitivity for hearing and threshold for middle ear reflect

A

0 - 120 dB

Middle ear reflex > 75/85 dB

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6
Q

Pathway for hearing (6 locations)

A

spiral ganglion cells > cochlear nuclei > nucleus of lateral lemniscus or superior olivary complex > inferior colliculus > medial geniculate nucleus (thalamus) > primary auditory cortex

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7
Q

Structures and threshold for intraural time detection

A

AVCN & MSO

Detects stimuli less than 3,000 Hz

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8
Q

Structures and threshold for intraural intensity detection

A

AVCN & MNTB & LSO
Detects stimuli 2,000 Hz and above
Uses acoustic shadowing

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9
Q

Fingolimod

A

MS drug, oral administration, sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibitor, prevents lymphocytes from leaving secondary lymphoid organs

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10
Q

Glatiramer acetate

A

MS drug, subcutaneous administration, induces antigen-specific suppressor T-cells

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11
Q

Interferon beta

A

MS drug, IM/subcutaneous administration, down regulates MHC and general autoimmune response

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12
Q

Neuromyelitis optica

A

Women&raquo_space;» men
Bilateral optic neuritis + spinal cord demyelination
Antibodies against aquaporin 4

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13
Q

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

A

Acute monophonic demyelination post-viral infection or vaccination, can be very bad and cause death

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14
Q

Somatic symptom disorder

A

Symptoms are real but anxiety/preoccupation are in excess

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15
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

Preoccupation with having/acquiring a serious illness but not somatic symptoms

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16
Q

Conversion disorder

A

“Functional neurological symptom disorder” - altered voluntary motor or sensory function

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17
Q

Weber and Rinne results for conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

A

Conductive: Weber louder in affected ear, bone > air in affected ear
Sensorineural: Weber softer in affected ear, bone < air in affected ear

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18
Q

Presbycusis

A

Hearing loss associated with aging, usually caused by hair cell degeneration

19
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Hereditary disorder of otic capsule bone (fixation of stapes footplate) with gradual progressive hearing loss

20
Q

Input layers to association cortex

A

Other cortical areas: I - V
Thalamus: IV
Subcortical regions: all regions

21
Q

Output layers from association cortex

A

II & III: other cortical areas
VI: thalamus
V: caudate, putamen, cerebellum

22
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome

A

Lesion to left temporoparietal association area can cause left/right confusion, finger agnosia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia

23
Q

Results of lesion to right temporoparietal association area

A

Left hemineglect, non-syntactic language deficit, constructional apraxia

24
Q

Lateral vestibular nucleus

A

Facilitates gravity-opposing muscles of limbs for posture maintenance

25
Q

Medial and superior vestibular nuclei

A

Facilitates stabilization of head in space and VOR

26
Q

Inferior vestibular nucleus

A

Functions in integration of vestibular, multi sensory, and cerebellar inputs

27
Q

Disulfiram

A

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, aversive treatment for alcohol consumption

28
Q

Acamprosate

A

Glutamate receptor modulator, reduces need to drink alcohol

29
Q

Cocaine

A

DA, 5HT, NE transport inhibitor
Avoid beta-blockers in OD
Withdrawal includes triphasic response

30
Q

Amphetamine

A

Increases DA, 5HT, NE release and blocks reuptake

Symptoms of withdrawal take 30-90 days to occur

31
Q

MDMA

A

Increases DA, 5HT, NE release
Relaxed euphoric state, emotional openness and warmth, enhanced sensory perception etc…
Interference with temperature regulation

32
Q

Opioids

A

Surge of euphoria followed by apathy, alternating wakefulness/drowsiness “on the nod”
Pupillary constriction

33
Q

PCP

A

NMDA agonist - highly anticholinergic
Paranoid delusions, bad drug
Risk of NMS
People tend to take their clothes off

34
Q

Ketamine

A

NMDA agonist

Produces dream-like state, dissociative anesthetic

35
Q

LSD

A

5HT2A receptor agonist

Multiple emotions, sensory crossover, can have flashbacks of certain aspects of drug experience

36
Q

Peyote

A

5HT2A receptor agonist

Hallucinogen kind of like LSD

37
Q

Psilocybin

A

5HT2A receptor agonist
“Magic mushrooms”
Perceptual alterations, body parts changing shape and size

38
Q

Dextromorphan

A

Period of nausea, then dissociative state with hallucinations and euphoria
Found in cough syrup, weak NMDA agonist

39
Q

GHB

A

Metabolite of GABA, “date rape” drug, small therapeutic index

40
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

A

15-30 seconds of true vertigo with change in head position, results in short-lives torsional nystagmus accompanied by vertigo

41
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

Symptoms of fluctuating hearing, unilateral roaring tinnitus, unilateral aural fullness temporally related to episodes of vertigo caused by imbalance of cochlear fluids (4-6 hours)

42
Q

Vestibular neuritis or Labyrinthitis

A

Acute onset of constant vertigo with nausea and vomiting, often preceded by mild viral symptoms, horizontal nystagmus occurs in direction of involved ear initially, then after 2 or 3 days beats away from the involved ear

Labyrinthitis is associated with hearing loss and vestibular neuritis is not

43
Q

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence

A

Opening or thinning in the bone overlying the superior semicircular canal of the inner ear allowing pressure to be transmitted to the inner ear, vertigo produced by coughing, sneezing

44
Q

Meclizine

A

Strong anticholinergic medication that can predispose to falls, especially in the elderly

Mind, Brain, and Behavior (6 decks)

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