Summary of Embryological Structures and their Male/Female end products

Question 1

Testosterone stimulation, via PARACRINE effects, stimulates the Mesonephric duct into what structures?

Answer 1

Seminal vesicles
Ejaculatory ducts
Epididymis
Efferent ductules
Ductus deferens

*SEEED

Question 2

DHT stimulates the urogenital sinus into what structures?

Answer 2

Prostate
Penis
Scrotum

Question 3

What determines if the paramesonephric ducts develop or not?

Answer 3

The absence of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (made by Sertoli cells)

Question 4

Paramesonephric ducts fuse caudally to form the ___ ___ (which makes the uterus and upper vagina), while the cranial unfused portions become the ____ ____.

Answer 4

Uterovaginal primordium (uterus and upper vagina, as well as the broad ligament)

Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

Question 5

The lower vagina is formed from the ____ ____.

Answer 5

Urogenital sinus

Question 6

The uterovaginal primordium joins the urogenital sinus to form the ___ ___ and a pair of ___ ____.

Answer 6

Sinus tubercle; Sinovaginal bulbs

Question 7

Fusion of the sinovaginal bulbs forms the ___ ___

Answer 7

Vaginal plate

Question 8

What happens to the vaginal plate?

Answer 8

Center cells degrade to form a lumen and the peripheral cells form the vaginal mucosa

Question 9

In females, the ____ ____ passes through the inguinal canal to join the labia majora during ovarian descent into the pelvis.

Answer 9

Round ligament

Question 10

If the female has a persistent processus vaginalis, it is called the ___ _ ___.

Answer 10

Canal of Nuck (i.e. hydrocele of female)

Question 11

Remnants of the mesonephric tubules in a female? (2 things)

Answer 11

Epoophoron and Paroophoron (clinically may lead to para-ovarian cysts)

Question 12

Remnant of the mesonephric duct in females (and homolog of the epididymis/vas deferens)

Answer 12

Gartners duct (lies between broad ligament and uterus)

Question 13

The mesonephric duct forms what structures in males/females?

Answer 13

Ureter, renal pelvis, calices, and collecting tubules

• everything distal to the nephron and proximal to the urogenital sinus *

** also forms the SEEED in males

Question 14

The paramesoneprhic duct forms what vestigial structure in males?

Answer 14

Appendix testis and prostatic utricle

Question 15

The paramesonephric duct forms what in females?

Answer 15

Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina

Question 16

The urogenital sinus in males:

Answer 16

urethra, bladder; prostate; Cowper’s glands

Question 17

The urogenital sinus in females

Answer 17

urethra, bladder; Skene’s glands; Bartholin glands

Question 18

The sinus tubercle in males forms:

Answer 18

Verumontanum (seminal colliculus)

Question 19

Sinus tubercle in females forms:

Answer 19

Hymen

Question 20

Gubernaculum in males:

Answer 20

Gubernaculum, holds the testicle to the scrotum

Question 21

Gubernaculum in females:

Answer 21

Round ligament

Question 22

Phallus in males:

Answer 22

glans penis

Question 23

Phallus in females:

Answer 23

Clitoris

Question 24

Urogenital folds in males:

Answer 24

Ventral penis

Question 25

Urogenital folds in females:

Answer 25

Labia minora

Question 26

Labioscrotal swelling in males:

Answer 26

scrotum

Question 27

Labioscrotal swelling in females:

Answer 27

Labia majora