(Summary) Audition Flashcards
___ is the sense of hearing.
Audition
___ is the height of a periodic curve measured on its vertical axis.
Amplitude
___ is the number of cycles of a periodic wave per unit of time.
Frequency
___ is the simpliest type of sound, characterized by a single sine wave.
Pure tone
___ is completely random combinations of sound waves.
Noise
___ is a unit used to express a difference in intensity between two sounds, equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the ration of two levels.
Decibels (dB)
___ is characterized by the amplitude. Thus, high-amplitude waves are perceived as loud sounds while low-amplitude waves are perceived as soft sounds.
Loudness
___ is characterized by the frequency. Thus, low-frequency waves are perceived as low-pitched sounds while high-frequence waves are perceived as high-pitched sounds.
Pitch
___ is a unit of sound frequency equal to one cycle per second.
Hertz (Hz)
___ is the wave having the lowest frequency in a complex tone.
Fundamental Frequency
___ is an additional wave produced by a complex tone that is an integer multiple of the tone’s fundamental frequency.
Harmonic
___ is the quality of sound that distinguish it from other sounds of the same pitch and volume.
Timbre
___ are sounds at frequencies above the range of human hearing, or higher than about 20,000 Hz.
Ultrasound
___ are sounds at frequencies below the range of human hearing, or lower than about 20 Hz.
Infrasound
___ is the visible part of the outer ear.
Pinna
___ is a tube-shaped structure in the outer ear that leads to the tympanic membrane membrane.
Auditory Canal
___ is the membrane separating the outer and middle ear.
Tympanic Membrane
___ is a membrane that forms the boundary between the middle and inner ear.
Oval Window
___ are the bones of the middle ear.
Ossicles
___ are the first three ossicles in the middle ear.
Malleus
___ are the middle of three ossicles found in the middle ear.
Incus
___ are the innermost of the three ossicles of the middle ear.
Stapes
___ are one of two muscles of the middle ear responsible for the acoustic reflex.
Tensor Tympani
___ are one of the muscles responsible for the acoustic reflexes.
Stapedius
___ is the protective restriction of the movement of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles, resulting in a reduction of sound to the inner ear by a factor of 30 dB.
Acoustic Reflex
___ is the fluid-filled structure of the inner ear containing auditory receptor.
Cochlea
___ is one of the chambers found in the cochlea.
Vestibular Canal
___ is one of the chambers found in the cochlea.
Tympanic Canal
___ is the part of the cochlea most distant from the oval window.
Apex
___ is the fluid found in the vestibular and
tympanic canals of the inner ear.
Perilymph
___ is the fluid found in the vestibular and tympanic canals of the inner ear.
Cochlear Duct
___ is the fluid found in the cochlear duct.
Endolymph
___ is a membrane that separates the vestibular canal and the cochlear duct in the inner ear.
Reissner’s Memberane
___ is a structure in the cochlea that separates the tympanic canal and the cochlear duct.
Basilar membrane
___ is a membrane covering the end of the tympanic canal.
Round Window
___ is a structure within the cochlear duct responsible for translating vibrations in the inner ear into neural messages.
Organ of Corti
___ is a membrane in the inner ear that covers the top of the hair cells and is actually attached to some of them.
Tectorial Membrane
___ is an auditory receptor cell located near the connection between the tectorial membrane and cochlear duct.
Inner Hair Cell
___ is an auditory receptor cell located on the organ of Corti that may serve to amplify sounds.
Outer Hair Cell
___ are microscopic, hairlike projections that extend from a structure.
Cilia
___ is the nerve that makes contact with the hair cells of the cochlea.
Auditory Nerve (cranial nerve VIII)
___ structure found in the inner ear whose axons form the auditory nerve.
Spiral Ganglion
