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BIOL 361 Marine Bio > Summary: Animals of the Intertidal Zone > Flashcards

Summary: Animals of the Intertidal Zone Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The phylum Echinodermata means ___ ___

A

spiny skin

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2
Q

Echinodermata have ___ symmetry

A

pentaradiate (5-fold)

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3
Q

Echinodermata have a water vascular system (WVS) which is a hydraulic _____. How do they use this?

A

skeleton!
Use water-filled tubes to walk, feed, and for defense

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4
Q

Echinodermata have an __skeleton made up of __ ___.

A

endoskeleton (internal- skin covers the spines)
calcium carbonate

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5
Q

Sea urchins and sand dollars have ____, covered by skin because they have an endoskeleton

Sea stars and cucumbers have ___ embedded in their body wall (endoskeleton)

A

spines
ossicles

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6
Q

What are ossicles and which intertidal animal has them?

A

small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall of echinoderms. They form part of the endoskeleton and provide rigidity.

sea stars

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7
Q

What is mutable collagenous tissue? What phylum of animals has it?

A

MCT is collagen that can stiffen or soften by nervous input; found in echinoderms (eg sea stars)

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8
Q

What does mutable collagenous tissue do?

A

In echinoderms, it is used to lock spines in place, lock skeleton for leverage, or to autonomize arms or spines

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9
Q

What are the 5 classes of echinoderms?

A
  • sea stars
  • sea cucumbers
  • sea urchins
  • brittle stars
  • crinoids
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10
Q

how do sea stars feed?

A

They feed by using water vascular system (WVS) with mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) to lock their skeleton
- then pull valves apart to insert their cardiac stomach and digest the animal extracellularly

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11
Q

How do sea cucumbers feed?

A

Deposit or suspension feed with modified tube feet at mouth

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12
Q

How do sea urchins feed?

A

They graze algae with 5 teeth in their Aristotle’s lantern

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13
Q

What is the Aristotle’s lantern found in sea urchins?

A

A structure of 5 teeth held and moved by muscles

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14
Q

What are the 3 characteristics found in all classes of echinoderms?

A
  1. pentaradiate symmetry (5)
  2. Hydrostatic skeleton (water vascular system) “tube feet”
  3. calcium carbonate skeleton (plate/ ossicles)
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15
Q

How do brittle stars feed?

A

Deposit or suspension feed with tiny tube feet on their arms

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16
Q

How do crinoids feed?

A

suspension feed using modified tube feet to catch particles from water

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17
Q

The phylum Arthropoda means “___ ___”

A

jointed legs

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18
Q

Need to know 2 groups of arthropods:
1:
2:

A
  1. Decapoda (crabs): 10 (walking) legs
  2. Cirripedia (barnacles): “settle on head” feet become feeding appendages
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19
Q

Decapods have an exoskeleton made of ____ that is hardened (sometimes hardened with ___)
- They ___ their skeleton to grow: produce the hormone ___ to do this

A

chitin
calcium

molt
ecdysone

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20
Q

What are the 2 body regions of crabs (decapods)?

A
  1. thorax (head/ stomach)
  2. abdomen (tail tucked under body)
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21
Q

What are some things that crabs eat?

A

snails, other crabs, deposit feed using setae on claws, filter feed using setae on antennae

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22
Q

Crabs can filter feed using the ___ on their ____

They can also deposit feed using the ____ on their ___

A

filter: setae on antennae
deposit: setae on claws

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23
Q

Crab claws and legs have many sensory ___ that detect __ and ___ in the water

A

setae

chemicals and vibrations

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24
Q

How do barnacles (Cirripedia) feed?

A

they have cirri- arthropod feed that have setae and rake the water to capture particles
“settle on head”

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25
Q

The body of barnacles is usually ___, except in goose neck barnacles which have a ___ ___

A

calcified

muscular stalk

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26
Q

the calcified body of barnacles resists ___ and ____

Therefore barnacles can live at highest high tidelines

A

desiccation and predation

27
Q

Which animal can live at the highest high tidelines?

A

barnacles

28
Q

Phylum Mollusca includes classes ___, ____, ____ and ____

A

cephalopods, gastropods, bivalves, chitins

29
Q

Gastropods are a class of ____, and their name means “___-___”

A

Mollusca
stomach-foot

30
Q

___ are a shelled mollusc with a __/__ region and a __/___ region

A

snails

head/ foot
stomach/ shell

31
Q

gastropods are characterized by a “creeping ___”, and their shell is secreted by the ____

A

creeping foot
mantle

32
Q

t/f
the mantle is a basic characteristic for all molluscs

A

true

33
Q

How do gastropods feed? What do they eat?

List 2 different types

A

Some graze on algae using a radula (a ribbon of teeth that is pushed out of the buccal cavity (mouth) and rasps the food

Others (called ‘drills) drill into the shells of other snails and bivalves and eat them

34
Q

____ are gastropod molluscs with 8 plates that make up a protective shell.

They typically lie flat on a rock and graze ___, but some are ____

A

chitons

algae
carnivorous

35
Q

_____ molluscs have a shell that’s formed into 2 sides that close together at a hinge (using strong ___)

A

bivalve

muscles

36
Q

How do bivalve molluscs feed?

A

inside the valves are gills- they use ciliary mucus filter feeding

37
Q

In bivalve molluscs, the shell is secreted by the ___, which forms 2 siphons. What do these siphons allow for?

A

mantle

2 siphons to allow water into the space between the valves

38
Q

The main characteristic of the phylum cnidaria is their ability to ___ (using the ___)

A

sting

cnidocyst

39
Q

Anthozoans are commonly known as ___ and are part of phylum ____

A

anemones
cnidaria

40
Q

T/F
Anthozoans (anemones) have no medusa stage

A

true

41
Q

Anthozoans (anemones) are

  • soft or hard bodied
  • sessile or mobile
  • ___ shaped
  • in the nemertea/ cnidaria phylum
A

soft
sessile
sac-shaped
cnidaria

42
Q

anemones have:
- tentacles with ____
- a ____ cavity
- ____ to wipe stinging cells onto neighbors to fight

A

cnidocytes

gastrovascular

acrorhagi

43
Q

Explain how anemones use their tentacles to sting

A

The tentacles have stinging cells called cnidocytes that contain stinging organelles called cnidocysts

44
Q
  • Anemones can have different cnidocysts for diff _____ and also different ____ ____
  • some cnidocysts ___ their prey while some are ____ and hold onto shell bits to protect the anemone from_____
A

species
body regions

pierce
sticky
desiccation

45
Q

Cnidocyst vs cnidocyte?

A

Cnidocytes are the stinging cells attached to tentacles, while cnidocysts are the stinging organelles on the cnydocyte

46
Q

t/f
sea anemones cannot swim away from predators

A

false, some of them can! Some can’t, so they just sting

47
Q

What are acrorhagi?

A

A region of cnidocysts on anemone tentacles- the anemones use acrorhagi to wipe stinging cells onto neighbors to fight

48
Q

The phylum Nemertea means ___ because they’re very accurate ___

A

unerring (ie always right/ accurate)
predators

49
Q

The Nemertea phylum consists of ___ worms which have special ____ allowing them to stretch very ___

A

ribbon
muscles
long

50
Q

Ribbon worms have a muscular mouth cavity called a ____. How do they eat?

A

Rhyncocoel
The phyncocoel shoots out a dart (stylet) to harpoon prey

51
Q

What do Nemerteas eat?

A

Nemerteas (ie ribbon worms) eat other worms and small crustaceans

52
Q

What is a rhyncocoel?

A

a muscular mouth cavity that ribbon worms have; they use it to shoot out a dart and harpoon their prey

53
Q

The phylum Platyhelminthes consists of ____

A

flatworms
platy= flat
helminthes= worm

54
Q

how big are flatworms?

A

small!
<1cm to 5cm
very very flat

55
Q

t/f
platyhelminthes do not have a body cavity

A

true!

56
Q

How do flatworms feed?

A

They don’t have a body cavity, so they feed with a pharynx that is ciliated and can crawl into prey

57
Q

What do flatworms eat?

A

barnacles, tunicates, etc

(crawl inside them to ingest)

58
Q

The phylum “annelida” means ___ worms

A

segmented
ie rings (they have segments that look like rings)

59
Q

Polychaetes are segmented worms with many ____

A

setae

poly=many
chaetes= setae

60
Q

Annelids have muscular ____ for biting/ grazing and specialized appendages for ___ or ___

A

jaws

walking or respiration

61
Q

How do some annelids feed?

A

Some secrete tubes and filter feed with tentacles

62
Q

Do hydrothermal vent worms filter feed in the same way that some annelids do?

A

No!
Vent worms do not filter feed, they have symbionts for chemosynthesis

63
Q

List 3 other encrusting animals under rocks

A
  1. bryozoa
  2. sponges
  3. ascidians
64
Q

Bryozoa:
- are a phylum of “__” animals
- have a feeding organ called a ______ which is a horseshoe-shaped structure with ____ that creates a filter feeding current

A

moss

lophophore

cilia

BIOL 361 Marine Bio (18 decks)

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