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Animal Welfare & Ethics > Suitable Diet > Flashcards

Suitable Diet Flashcards

1
Q

What does a balanced diet depend upon?

A

Species, life stage and types of feed available

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2
Q

When should keepers top up mixed feeds?

A

After all components are eaten

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3
Q

What does topping up mixed feeds after all components have been eaten prevent?

A

Malnutrition

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4
Q

What do keepers need to consider when choosing feeds?

A

Types, costs & storage

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5
Q

Name the cheapest and easiest type of food to store

A

Frozen foods

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6
Q

State a feature of pelleted feed

A

May contain higher nutritional values than similar quantities of fresh or baled feed

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7
Q

How should pelleted feed be stored?

A

Pelleted feed should be stored in airtight containers

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8
Q

Why should pelleted feed be stored in airtight containers?

A

Prevent animals, flies and damp getting into/contaminating the food

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9
Q

Name the seven main nutrients

A

Carbohydrates, protein, water, fibre, fats (lipids), vitamins & minerals

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10
Q

State the nutrient that working animals require more of and explain why

A

Working animals require large amounts of carbohydrates because they are more active and use more energy

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11
Q

Which nutrient do lactating animals require more of and why?

A

Lactating animals require more calcium because they are producing calcium-rich milk to promote bone growth & development in their young

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12
Q

Name the life stages

A

Juvenile, Adult, Senior, Lactating, Working

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13
Q

State the causes of nutritional problems

A

Diarrhoea, diabetes, obesity & nutritional deficiencies

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14
Q

What is recommended to owners/keepers before they get an animal?

A

Research the dietary requirements

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15
Q

Name three ‘human’ foods that are toxic to animals

A

Chocolate, onions & xylitol (artificial sweetener)

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16
Q

Which chemical in chocolate makes it toxic for animals?

A

Theobromine

17
Q

What can be provided if an animal happens to lack a nutrient?

A

Supplementation

18
Q

Give an example of supplementation

A

Putting calcium powder on a reptile’s food

19
Q

Which nutrient groups are usually used for supplementation?

A

Vitamins and minerals

20
Q

What do supplements prevent?

A

Common nutritional problems

21
Q

Which amino acid is abundant in cat food?

A

Taurine

22
Q

Which nutrient is abundant in guinea pig food?

A

Vitamin C

23
Q

Name a nutrition based disease

A

Metabolic Bone Disease

24
Q

In which type of species is Metabolic Bone Disease found in?

A

Reptiles

25
Q

State a feature of Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD)

A

Bones of the reptile become brittle or bendy

26
Q

Which minerals are deficient in a reptile with Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD)?

A

Calcium & Phosphorus

27
Q

What can be added to a reptiles’ enclosures to prevent MBD?

A

UVB lights

28
Q

Why would the inclusion of UVB lights in reptiles’ enclosures prevent the development of MBD?

A

UVB lights allow reptiles to have access to vitamin D3 - which then allows the reptiles to absorb calcium and phosphorus from their food.

29
Q

State a common sign of MBD in reptiles

A

Kinks in the tail

30
Q

State a dietary requirement of cattle

A

Good-sized grazing area (which is safe and secure)

31
Q

Name another dietary requirement of cows

A

Feeding troughs in a sheltered area

32
Q

How should food be changed in feeding troughs?

A

Food should be gradually changed in feeding troughs

33
Q

What do concentrated feeds provide livestock with?

A

Concentrated sources of necessary nutrients

34
Q

Outline a feature of the dietary requirements of horses

A

Good-quality grass and hay should form the bulk of the diet & necessary electrolytes for normal bodily function

35
Q

What can be provided in a stabled area to function as food enrichment for horses?

A

Salt licks or loose salt

36
Q

What do some hindgut fermenter species produce and consume to absorb any unabsorbed nutrients from their food?

A

Caecotrophs

37
Q

What are caecotrophs?

A

Type of faeces that needs to be ingested upon expulsion to break down any absorb any unabsorbed nutrients

38
Q

What can occur if caecotroph animals don’t consume their caecotrophs?

A

Malnutrition

39
Q

What is eating faeces also known as?

A

Caprophagy

Animal Welfare & Ethics (18 decks)

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