SUGER

Question 1

What is the base excess?

Answer 1

The quantity of acid required to return plasma ph to normal

Question 2

What is the standard base excess?

Answer 2

Quantity of acid required to return ECF ph to normal

Question 3

What is the base deficit?

Answer 3

Reverse of base excess

Question 4

Ph= ?

Answer 4

Negative log [H+]

Question 5

What does the uterus consist of?

Answer 5

The fundus, body and cervix. It communicates laterally with the uterine tubes and posteriorly with the vagina

Question 6

What term is used to describe the position of the uterus?

Answer 6

Ante-flexed meaning bent forwards

Question 7

What spaces are created by the cervix lying into the vagina?

Answer 7

The vaginal fornices

Question 8

What muscle stabilises the cervix?

Answer 8

The Levator ani muscle

Question 9

What do the uterine tubes do?

Answer 9

Conduct the ova from the ovary to the uterine cavity

Question 10

Where are the uterine tubes found?

Answer 10

Upper boarder of the broad ligament (connects uterus to pelvis)

Question 11

What are fimbrae?

Answer 11

Finger like ciliated projections on the infundibulum

Question 12

How does the uterus relate to the bladder and rectum?

Answer 12

Posteriosuperior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum

Question 13

What do the ovaries suspend from?

Answer 13

The posterior leaf of the broad ligament via the mesovarium (double fold of peritoneum )

Question 14

Where do the ovaries frequently lie?

Answer 14

The ovarian fossa

Question 15

What supplies the ovaries ?

Answer 15

The ovarian arteries that are branches of the abdominal aorta

Question 16

What is the mons pubis?

Answer 16

Rounded hair bearing part of the vulva in front of the Pubic symphysis

Question 17

What is the clitoris comprised of and where is it derived from?

Answer 17

3 bundles of erectile tissue and derives from the genital tubercle

Question 18

Where does the ductus deferens terminate?

Answer 18

When it anastomoses with the duct from the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

Question 19

What’s the function of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 19

To produce an alkaline fluid that makes up a majority of semen. The fluid contains proteolytic enzymes that break down the clotting factors in semen. This ensures it stays fluid

Question 20

How does an ultrasound work?

Answer 20

Sound waves transmitted via a probe that can be transmitted through fluid and soft tissue but are reflected on hard tissues e.g. bone. These reflections are recorded and create an image. Painless and safe as uses sound waves not radiation (like X rays)

Question 21

What does sonohystography do?

Answer 21

Improve the quality of the ultrasound

Question 22

Give two examples where transvaginal imaging would need to be used

Answer 22

If the patient is obese or the fetus is postioned abnormally in the uterus

Question 23

When is X-ray used in imaging pregnancy?

Answer 23

Diagnose infertility.

Question 24

When is the fetal heart beat recognisable ?

Answer 24

7 week scan

Question 25

What is the outcome of the 12 week scan ?

Answer 25

Approximate date of delivery by measuring the crown-rump length

Question 26

What does the 20 week scan identify?

Answer 26

Any abnormalities, which at this stage wouldn’t be isolated to one system

Question 27

Define multipotent, totipotent and pluripotent?

Answer 27

Multipotent- ability to differentiate into multiple types of cells e.g. bone marrow. Pluripotent - differentiate into most cells apart from those involved in the formation of the placenta and totipotent (everything)

Question 28

What are the 3 things a stem cell can do?

Answer 28

Self renewal- apoptosis
Progenitor- proliferation
Differentiation