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Biochem > Sugars > Flashcards

Sugars Flashcards

1
Q

D-sugars

A

sugar w/ the highest numbered chiral carbon w/ the -OH group on the right

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2
Q

L-sugars

A

-OH group on left

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3
Q

diastereomers

A

nonsuperimposible configuration of moleules w/ similar connectivity

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4
Q

Mirror images of D-/L- sugars…

A

enantiomers

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5
Q

Cis

A

same side of the double bond

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6
Q

Trans

A

the opposite side of the double bond

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7
Q

Cyclization

A

describes the ring formation of carbohydrates from their straight chain form

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8
Q

alpha- anomers

A

have the -OH on the anomeric carbon trans to the free -CH2OH group

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9
Q

beta-anomers

A

have the -OH on the anomeric carbon cis to the free -CH2OH

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10
Q

simple sugars can cyclize in two ways

A

furanose or pyranose

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11
Q

pyranose

A

6 membered ring

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12
Q

furanose

A

5 membered ring

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13
Q

Monosaccharides can be converted to several derivativ forms

A 
sugar acids
sugar alcohols
deoxy sugars
sugar esters
amino sugars
acetals
ketals
glycosides
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14
Q

reducing sugars

A

sugars w/ free anomeric carbons (will reduce oxidizing agents)

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15
Q

Deoxy sugars

A

monosaccharides w/ one or more hydroxyl groups replaced by Hs

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16
Q

Sugar esters

A

phosphate esters of glucose, fructose, and other monosaccharides are important metabolic intermediates

17
Q

Amino sugars

A

sugars w/ an amino group at C-2

found in many oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

18
Q

Glycoside formation

A

the basic for building complex carbs and requires the anomeric carbon to link to another sugar

19
Q

Phosphorylation

A

the phosphate ester is formed by transferring a phosphate group from ATP onto a sugar

20
Q

Disaccharides

A

form as a result of glycoside bonding between two monosaccharide units

21
Q

common disaccharides include…

A

sucrose, lactose, maltose

22
Q

cellulose

A

main structural component of plant cell walls and is a main source of fiber in human diet

23
Q

starch

A

plant storage polysaccharide (amylose and amylopectin)

24
Q

glycogen

A

functions a main energy storage form for animals

Biochem (11 decks)

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