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2.2 Biological Molecules > Sugar > Flashcards

Sugar Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

A group of molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

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2
Q

What are glycosidic bonds?

A

A bond formed between two monosaccharides by a hydrolysis reaction

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3
Q

What are the functions of CHO?

A

Store of energy
Source of energy
Structural units

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4
Q

What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

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5
Q

Why are monosaccharides particularly important in organisms?

A

They are a source of energy

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6
Q

Why are monosaccharides a good source of energy?

A

They are well suited due to a large number of carbon-hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

What are the properties of monosaccharides?

A

Sugars which taste sweet
Soluble in water
Insoluble in non-polar solvents

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8
Q

Describe the structure of monosaccharides

A

A backbone of single bonded carbon atoms.

One double bonded oxygen atom to from a carboxyl group.

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9
Q

What are isomers?

A

Molecules whose form is the same but the atoms are rearranged differently in space

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10
Q

What are the three most common disaccharides?

A

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose

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11
Q

What two monosaccharides make up maltose?

A

Alpha glucose + alpha glucose

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12
Q

What two monosaccharides make up sucrose?

A

Alpha glucose + fructose

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13
Q

What two monosaccharides make up lactose?

A

ß galactose + alpha glucose

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14
Q

What two monosaccharides make up Cellobiose?

A

ß glucose + ß glucose

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15
Q

What is the molecular formula of glucose?

A

C6 H12 O6

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16
Q

What is the molecular formula of Ribose?

A

C5 H10 O5

17
Q

What is the molecular formula of deoxyribose?

A

C5 H10 O4

18
Q

What is the role of alpha glucose in the body?

A

An energy source.

A component of starch and glycogen which acts as an energy store

19
Q

What sit he role of beta glucose?

A

Energy source.

A component of cellulose which provides structural support in plant cell walls.

20
Q

What is the role of ribose?

A

A component of RNA, ATP, NAD.

21
Q

What is the role of deoxyribose?

A

A component of DNA.

2.2 Biological Molecules (14 decks)

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