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2.2 Biological Molecules > Inorganic ions > Flashcards

Inorganic ions Flashcards

1
Q

What are cations?

A

Inorganic positive ions

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2
Q

What are anions?

A

Inorganic negative ions

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3
Q

Give five cations.

A 
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Hydrogen
Ammonium
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4
Q

How is calcium involved with the skeleton?

A

It increases the rigidity of bones, teeth and cartilage and is a component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans.

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5
Q

What does calcium do with the blood/muscles?

A

It is important in blood clotting and muscular contractions.

It stimulates muscle contraction.

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6
Q

How is calcium used by plants?

A

It is important in cell wall development, ad the formation of the lamella between cell walls.

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7
Q

Which enzymes does calcium activate?

A

Lipase, ATPase and cholinesterase.

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8
Q

What does calcium stimulate?

A

Muscle contractions.

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9
Q

What does calcium regulate?

A

The transmission of nerve impulses.

The permeability of cell membranes.

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10
Q

How is sodium involved with water?

A

It is involved in osmoregulation.
The control of water levels in body fluid.
Maintains pH.

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11
Q

How is sodium used by the intestines and the kidney?

A

It affects the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines.
It affects the absorption of water in the kidney.

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12
Q

What does sodium contribute to?

A

Nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

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13
Q

How is calcium used in plants?

A

It is a constituent of the vacuole in plant cells to help maintain turgidity.

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14
Q

How is potassium used at the membrane?

A

It assists active transport of materials across the cell membrane.

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15
Q

What molecules is potassium involved in the synthesis of?

A

Glycogen and protein.

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16
Q

Which molecule does potassium assist with the breakdown of?

A

Glucose.

17
Q

How does potassium affect plants?

A

Generates healthy leaves and flowers in flowering plants.

18
Q

What part of a plant cell is potassium a component of that assists in the maintenance of turgidity?

A

Vacuole.

19
Q

What two processes use Hydrogen?

A

Photosynthesis and respiration

20
Q

Hydrogen is involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide where?

A

In the blood.

21
Q

Which Cation is involved in the regulation of blood pH?

A

Hydrogen.

22
Q

Which Cation is a component of amino acids, proteins, vitamins and chlorophyll?

A

Ammonium.

23
Q

Some ________ are made of proteins. This means that ammonia is a part of some ________ .

A

Hormones.

24
Q

Nucleic acids contains which cation?

A

Ammonium.

25
Q

Which cations are involved in the maintenance of pH?

A

Sodium
Ammonium
Potassium
Hydrogen.

26
Q

Which three anions are involved in the regulation of blood pH?

A

Hydrogencarbonate
Phosphate
Hydroxide

27
Q

Which anion is involved in maintaining the rigidity of bone, teeth and cartilage?

A

Phosphate

28
Q

Chloride helps what to happen in the kidney?

A

The production of urine.

29
Q

Which two anions are components of nucleic acids?

A

Nitrate

Phosphate

30
Q

Which major energy source is phosphate a vital component of?

A

ATP

31
Q

Which Anion assists root growth in plants?

A

Phosphate

32
Q

Which two anions are involved in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the blood?

A

Hydrogencarbonate

Chloride

33
Q

Chloride is used to produce which acid, where?

A

Hydrochloric acid

In the stomach

34
Q

How does Chloride effect the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen?

A

Through allosteric effects on the haemoglobin molecule.

35
Q

Which protein hormone contains the anion nitrogen?

A

Insulin

36
Q

Nitrogen is a key component to four things. What are they?

A

Amino acids
Proteins
Vitamins
Chlorophyll

2.2 Biological Molecules (14 decks)

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