Inorganic ions Flashcards
What are cations?
Inorganic positive ions
What are anions?
Inorganic negative ions
Give five cations.
Calcium Sodium Potassium Hydrogen Ammonium
How is calcium involved with the skeleton?
It increases the rigidity of bones, teeth and cartilage and is a component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans.
What does calcium do with the blood/muscles?
It is important in blood clotting and muscular contractions.
It stimulates muscle contraction.
How is calcium used by plants?
It is important in cell wall development, ad the formation of the lamella between cell walls.
Which enzymes does calcium activate?
Lipase, ATPase and cholinesterase.
What does calcium stimulate?
Muscle contractions.
What does calcium regulate?
The transmission of nerve impulses.
The permeability of cell membranes.
How is sodium involved with water?
It is involved in osmoregulation.
The control of water levels in body fluid.
Maintains pH.
How is sodium used by the intestines and the kidney?
It affects the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines.
It affects the absorption of water in the kidney.
What does sodium contribute to?
Nerve transmission and muscle contraction.
How is calcium used in plants?
It is a constituent of the vacuole in plant cells to help maintain turgidity.
How is potassium used at the membrane?
It assists active transport of materials across the cell membrane.
What molecules is potassium involved in the synthesis of?
Glycogen and protein.
Which molecule does potassium assist with the breakdown of?
Glucose.
How does potassium affect plants?
Generates healthy leaves and flowers in flowering plants.
What part of a plant cell is potassium a component of that assists in the maintenance of turgidity?
Vacuole.
What two processes use Hydrogen?
Photosynthesis and respiration
Hydrogen is involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide where?
In the blood.
Which Cation is involved in the regulation of blood pH?
Hydrogen.
Which Cation is a component of amino acids, proteins, vitamins and chlorophyll?
Ammonium.
Some ________ are made of proteins. This means that ammonia is a part of some ________ .
Hormones.
Nucleic acids contains which cation?
Ammonium.
Which cations are involved in the maintenance of pH?
Sodium
Ammonium
Potassium
Hydrogen.
Which three anions are involved in the regulation of blood pH?
Hydrogencarbonate
Phosphate
Hydroxide
Which anion is involved in maintaining the rigidity of bone, teeth and cartilage?
Phosphate
Chloride helps what to happen in the kidney?
The production of urine.
Which two anions are components of nucleic acids?
Nitrate
Phosphate
Which major energy source is phosphate a vital component of?
ATP
Which Anion assists root growth in plants?
Phosphate
Which two anions are involved in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the blood?
Hydrogencarbonate
Chloride
Chloride is used to produce which acid, where?
Hydrochloric acid
In the stomach
How does Chloride effect the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen?
Through allosteric effects on the haemoglobin molecule.
Which protein hormone contains the anion nitrogen?
Insulin
Nitrogen is a key component to four things. What are they?
Amino acids
Proteins
Vitamins
Chlorophyll
