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PATIENT CARE III EXAM 2 > sugar > Flashcards

sugar Flashcards

1
Q

Intake of sugar increases risk for

A

caries

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2
Q

Impact of ___ has been positive, even as
sugar consumption increases around the world

A

fluoride

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3
Q

how much sugar should we consume

A

DV for added sugars: 50g/day for
a 2,000-calorie diet (includes
processed foods, soda, juices, etc.)

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4
Q

Alternative Sweeteners- Classifications

A

polyols
intense sweeteners
nonnutritive sweeteners

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5
Q

sugar alcohols

A

polyols

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6
Q

40% of the caloric content
of sucrose
* Physical characteristics like
sucrose
* Not typically great in baking

A

polyols

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7
Q

types of polyols

A

sirbitol
Erythritol
mannitol
xylitol

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8
Q
  • Occurs naturally in fruits and berries
    -only 60% as sweet
    -considered noncariogenic, however it is slowly fermented by S.mutans
A

sorbitol

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9
Q

Shown to be cariogenic in patients with
decreased salivary gland function

A

sorbitol

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10
Q

Can cause GI issues if large quantities
digested

A

sorbitol

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11
Q

Naturally occurring polyol found
in seaweed

A

mannitol

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12
Q

Virtually no cariogenic activity
due to slow metabolization from
oral microorganisms

A

mannitol

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13
Q

Used as a dusting agent for
chewing gum and bulking agent
in powdered foods

A

mannitol

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14
Q

50-70% of the relative
sweetness of sugar

A

mannitol

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15
Q

Lingers in intestines and may
cause bloating/diarrhea

A

mannitol

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16
Q

Sweetness level is 60
-80% of sucrose

A

Erythritol

17
Q

Safe for diabetics; does not affect blood
glucose levels after ingestion

A

Erythritol

18
Q

Sugar alcohol containing zero calories

A

Erythritol

19
Q

When eaten in excessive amounts, may
cause GI discomfort

A

Erythritol

20
Q

Noncariogenic; inhibits the growth of
streptococcus mutans

A

Erythritol

21
Q

Naturally occurring caloric 5
-carbon
sugar alcohol

A

xylitol

22
Q

Nonfermentable by oral bacteria and
exhibits antibacterial properties

A

xylitol

23
Q

Produced commercially from birch trees,
corncobs and the waste from sugarcane

A

xylitol

24
Q

Sweetness approximates that of
sucrose; however, it is 10x more costly
to produce

A

xylitol

25
Q

Primarily used in chewing gum, mints,
mouthrinses, toothpaste, and
sometimes found in syrup and candy

A

xylitol

26
Q

Xylitol as an Antibacterial
1
2
3

A
  1. Decreases bacterial metabolism and produces a drop in dental
    plaque pH
  2. Promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans streptococci
  3. Stimulates salivary secretion
27
Q

Recommend using xylitol-containing products in
addition to daily fluoride exposure.

at least ___g of xylitol per day needed to acheive optimum therapeutic effect on S. mutans

Daily intake should be divided into 3 or 4 doses
with exposure time = ___ minutes with each dose

A

5g
5-10

28
Q

When recommending xylitol products be sure to make it known to patients that xylitol is highly toxic to

A

dogs
Causes rapid/severe increase of insulin productions and leads to
hypoglycemia
* Higher amounts of xylitol can lead to death

29
Q

know gums g of xylitol?

A
30
Q

intense sweeteners

A

aspartame
sucralose
stevioside (stevia)
monk fruit

31
Q

200-700 times sweeter than sucrose
* Nonnutritive and noncariogenic * Oldest artificial sweetener used in the
US (Sweet ‘N’ Low)
* Used as a sweetener in some
toothpastes

A

intense sweeteners= saccharin

32
Q
  • 200 times sweeter than sucrose
  • Soft drinks account for more than 70%
    of aspartame consumption
  • FDA requires foods containing
    aspartame have the following label:
    PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS
    PHENYLALANINE
  • In July 2023, the American Cancer
    Society and World Health Organization
    has stated that there is limited evidence
    that consumption of aspartame might
    cause cancer (specifically liver cancer).
A

aspartame

33
Q
  • Noncariogenic, nonnutritive
    sweetener that is 600 times
    sweeter than sucrose
  • Poorly absorbed and is largely
    excreted in the feces and urine,
    unchanged
  • No carcinogenic risks posed to
    humans
A

sucralose

34
Q
  • Natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of a shrub found in South America
  • 100-300 times sweeter than table sugar
  • Heat stable (good for baking) * Supports the prevention of caries;
    streptococcus mutans experience growth suppression and secretes less acid with presence of stevioside
  • FDA approved in 2008 as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS)
A

stevioside (stevia)

35
Q
  • Natural, zero-calorie sweetener extracted from monk fruit
  • High in antioxidants, called mogrosidesmaking it 100-250 times sweeter than table
    sugar
  • Used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine; FDA approved sweetener in 2010
  • Often mixed with other natural sweeteners (such as erythritol) to reduce the intensity of its sweetness
A

monk fruit

PATIENT CARE III EXAM 2 (10 decks)

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