Suffixes Flashcards
-ura
Type of word: English equivalents (2): Used for (2):
Examples:
-ura
Type of word: noun
English equivalents: “-ness”, “-ght” / “-gth”
Used for:
1) “abstract nouns”
2) “the state of” the adjective they are derived from; adjective made into a concept
Examples: hondura (depth), ternura (tenderness), la cobertura (coverage, covering)
-ez & -eza
Type of word:
English equivalents:
Used for:
Notes:
Examples:
-ez & -eza
Type of word: noun
English equivalents: “-ness”, “-hood”, or “-ty”.
Used for: “abstract noun”; a state or condition
Notes: adjective or noun made into a concept
Examples: maduro – la madurez (maturity) estúpido/a – la estupidez (stupidity) la grandeza (greatness, grandeur) la certeza (certainty, accuracy)
-dad
Type of word:
English equivalents:
Used for:
Examples:
-dad
Type of word: noun
English equivalents: mostly “ty”, sometimes “ness”, “ship”, “hood”
Used for: abstract nouns
Examples: Navidad (Nativity), Dualidad (duality), Calidad (quality), la maternidad/la paternidad (motherhood, maternity / fatherhood, paternity), la bondad (goodness, kindness)
-ería
Type of word:
English equivalents:
Used for:
Notes:
Examples:
-ería
Type of word: noun
English equivalents: “-ery” / “-ary”, “____ store”
Used for: “place where ___ is made/bought” or “things pertaining to ___”
Notes: always feminine
Examples: La peluquería (barbers), La cervecería (brewery), La lavandería (laundromat)
Diminutive suffixes (3 +2):
-ito / -ita (-cito / -cita when word doesn’t end in a, o or ‘te’)
“-illo / -illa” (-cillo, -cilla) (ES)
“-cico / -cica” (ES)
- ote / -ota (also augmentative; positive or negative)
- uelo / -uela (sometimes derogatory)
Augmentative suffixes (4+1):
- ísimo / -ísima
- ón / -ona (sometimes derogatory)
- azo / -aza (also a hit/blow of something)
- udo / -uda (mostly for fun e.g. peludo = hairy, furry)
-ote / -ota (also diminutive; positive or negative)
Derogatory suffixes (7):
- ucho / -ucha
- uelo / -uela (also diminutive)
- ón / -ona (also augmentative)
- ote / -ota (also diminutive; positive or negative)
- aco, -aca
- acho, -acha
- ajo, -aja
-ote / -ota
Type of word:
Used for:
Examples:
-ote / -ota
Type of word: nouns or adjectives Used for (3): diminutive; augmentative; derogatory
Examples: cabeza (head) — cabezota (a big-headed, stubborn person)
amigo (friend) — amigote (buddy, pal, mate)
-ucho / -ucha
Type of word:
Used for:
Examples:
-ucho / -ucha
Type of word: noun or adjective
Used for: derogatory suffix
Examples:
casa (house) — casucha (shack, hovel)
flaco (thin) — flacucho (skinny)
médico (doctor) — medicucho (quack, quackish)
-ón, -ona
Type of word:
Used for:
Notes (2):
Examples:
-ón, -ona
Type of word: noun or adjective
Used for: augmentative
Notes (2):
1) Nouns: feminine become masculine e.g. casa – el casón. Feminine adjective: ona
2) Infinitives: add to root of some to mean a sharp, sudden action e.g. apagar – apagón (blackout) or a derogatory value e.g. mirar – mirón/mirona (nosy)
Examples:
Llorar – llorón / Llorona (crybaby), tragar – tragón / tragona (greedy-guts, pig)
la puerta – el portón (gate), la cuchara – el cucharón (ladle)
uelo / -uela
Used for:
uelo / -uela
Used for: Diminutive & sometimes derogatory
e.g.
paño (cloth) — pañuelo (handkerchief)
ladrón (thief) — ladronzuelo (burglar, safe-cracker)
-azo / -aza
Type of word: Used for (2):
Examples:
-azo / -aza
Type of word: noun Used for (2): augmentative & a hit/blow of something
Examples:
Un cocho - un cochazo, orejazas enormes (super big ears)
puño (fist) – puñetazo (punch), puerta – portazo (slam of the door)
The tenderness
la ternura
Coverage, covering
la cobertura
maturity
la madurez
Stupidity
la estupidez
Greatness, grandeur
la grandeza
Certainty, accuracy
la certeza
duality
la dualidad
quality
la calidad
The barbers
La peluquería
Brewery
La cervecería
The laundromat
La lavandería
hairy, furry
peludo, a
burglar, safe-cracker
Un ladronzuelo
A big-headed, stubborn person
Un cabezota
Buddy, pal, mate
Un amigote
A shack, hovel
Una casucha
skinny
flacucho, a
A quack, quackish
medicucho
A big house
un casón
A blackout
un apagón
nosy
mirón/mirona
a crybaby
llorón, llorona
a greedy-guts, pig
un tragón / una tragona
a ladle
el cucharón
a gate
el portón
A big car
un cochazo
A big ear
Super big ears
Una orejaza
orejazas enormes
a punch
puñetazo
a slam of the door
portazo
The depth
la hondura
Rich (in an arrogant way)
ricacho, a
A trashy book
un libraco
a hit/blow of something
-azo / -aza
a sharp, sudden action
-ón, -ona
-ness (3)
- ura
- ez, -eza
- dad
-th, -gth (depth, width)
-ura (la hondura, la anchura)
-hood (2)
- ez, -eza
- dad
-ty (2)
- ez, -eza
- dad
-ish
-izo, -iza
-ful, -load (spoonful)
-ada (cucharada)
-ful (similar to root word, e.g. painful) (2)
-ado, -ido (e.g. dolorido)
indicating profession (4)
- ario (bibliotecario: librarian)
- ero, -era / -uero, -uera (banquero: banker)
- or, -ora (pintor: painter)
- dor, -dora (jugador: player)
indicates place of origin (2)
- ense
- és
- ura English equivalents:
- ez & -eza English equivalents:
“-ness”, “-ght” / “-gth”
“-ness”, “-hood”, or “-ty”.
-dor/-dora
Type of word:
English equivalents (2):
Used for (4):
-dor/-dora
Type of word: nouns or adjectives (derived from a verb) English equivalents (2): -er, -or
Used for (4):
- instruments + appliances e.g. aspiradora (vacuum) from aspirer, cargador(charger, loader) from charger
– names of places where you do the action of the infinitives they are derived from e.g. comedor(dining room), probador(fitting room)
– occupations and jobs (“-er” and “-or”) e.g. vendedor/ vendedora(seller, vendor), conductor/ conductora(driver)
– Adjectives and nouns having a specific quality related to the verb e.g. encantador(from encantar); hablador(talkative adj or chatterbox n)
Vacuum
Charger, loader
La aspiradora
El cargador
Dining room
Fitting room
El comedor
El probador
Seller, vendor
Driver
Vendedor, vendedora
El Conductor
Charming
encantador
Talkative, chatterbox
hablador
