Suez Crisis Flashcards
What did Nasser do in 1956?
Nationalised the Suez Canal
What was nationalised in July 1956 by Nasser?
Suez Cannal
Who nationalised the Suez Canal in July 1956?
Nasser
When had Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal?
July 1956
What was the plan of the Suez crisis?
Britain and France would construct a plan to remove Nasser through Proxy war (Israel would attack Egypt. Britain and France would act as peace keepers and depose Nasser)
What happened in January 1957?
Prime minister Eden forced to resign
When was Prime minister Eden forced to resign?
January 1957
What was the impact of Prime minister Eden being forced to resign in January 1957?
Humiliating as downfall due to third world country and showed how they were dominated by USSR and USA
What did Nasser offer to other African nationalist movements?
Support
What happened in 1936?
Anglo-Egypt treaty
When was the Anglo-Egyptian treaty?
1936
What happened in the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty?
Keep 10,000 troops in the Suez Canal
What allowed the British to keep 10,000 troops in Suez Canal?
Anglo-Egyptian treaty in 1936
Why did the Arabs not want to cooperate with the British?
Whilst they maintained garrisons in the Suez, controlled Sudan (seen as an insult to Egyptians who were seen as the leaders of the Arab world)
What happened in 1951?
King Farouk renounced the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty
When had King Farouk renounced the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty?
1951
Who renounced the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty?
King Farouk
What title did King Farouk give himself?
King of Sudan
Who referred to himself as the King of Sudan?
King Farouk
What happened in January 1952?
King Farouk was overthrown
When was King Farouk overthrown?
January 1952
What happened in 1953?
Eden, foreign secretary in Churchill’s conservative government, made an agreement on stages towards Sudanese independence
When was an agreement made by Eden to steps towards Sudanese independence?
1953
What agreement was made in 1954?
Britain agreed a phased withdrawal of troops from the Suez Canal Zone within 20 months
When had Britain agreed a phased withdrawal of troops from the Suez Canal Zone within 20 months?
1954
In the 1954, how long did the British agree until their withdrawal?
20 months
What was the impact of:
1953: Agreement where there was a staged movement towards Sudanese independence
1954: British phased withdrawal from Suez Canal within 20 months
Improve Anglo-Arab relations
British would have access through the Suez Canal
Maintenance of former British bases
Respect for the independence of the Suez Canal Company
Why did Britain want to improve Arab-Anglo relations?
Prevent them from turning to communism
Prevent national uprisings which would be costly
What happened in 1955?
Baghdad Pact
When was the Baghdad Pact?
1955
What was the 1955 Baghdad Pact?
Agreement between Turkey, Pakistan, Iraq, Britain and Persia to repel any Soviet threat in the Middle East
Who was in the 1955 Baghdad Pact?
Turkey Pakistan Iraq Britain Persia
What was the name of the agreement between Turkey, Pakistan, Iraq, Britain and Persia to repel any Soviet threat in the Middle East?
1955: Baghdad Pact
When had Eden became prime minister?
April 1955
Why did Nasser turn to Czechoslovakia?
Felt as if their hegemony was being challenged in the Middle East
What happened in June 1957?
Nasser made himself President in Egypt
When had Nasser made himself President of Egypt?
June 1956
Who made himself President of Egypt in June 1956?
Nasser
What were Nasser’s aims as president of Egypt?
Construction of the Aswan High Dam (core programme of irrigation, flood control and electrification)
What was Nasser promised in 1955?
Funds from both Russia and the West
What happened in July 1956?
USA withdrew funds from Egypt as they believed of his association with communist powers
Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal
When had the USA withdrew funds from Egypt as they believed of his association with communist powers?
July 1956
In July 1956, who withdrew funds from Egypt because of their association with communist powers?
USA
What was the impact of the July 1956 nationalising of the Suez Canal?
Direct blow to the British government who had shares of 44% and threat to their position
What did Eden say in 1956?
Outburst where he said he wanted Nasser destroyed (he may do said ‘murdered’) and compared him to Hitler
When was there an outburst where Eden said he wanted Nasser destroyed (he may do said ‘murdered’) and compared him to Hitler?
1956
Who said in an outburst he wanted Nasser destroyed (he may do said ‘murdered’) and compared him to Hitler?
1956
What was the name of the plan hatched by Israel, France and Britain?
‘The protocol of Sèvres’
What was the ‘The protocol of Sèvres’?
Israel would attack Egypt. France and Britain would demand the fighting to stop and as Egypt would deny, they would then invade them.
How did the US react to the ‘The protocol of Sèvres’?
Condemned the attack
Refused to support sterling in the currency crisis
How long did it take for the British to announce a ceasefire?
5 days
Who refused to support sterling in the currency crisis as a result of the British attack?
USA
Who did the British have to consult after the Suez crisis regarding imperial or international affairs?
USA
What was the impact of the British government having to consult the USA regarding imperial or international policy?
Showed a loss power and influence
How did the Suez crisis impact nationalist movements?
In order to achieve independence, they need to push harder so they could force them to surrender
Showed that it would be best to accept the nationalists demands
How did the Suez Control impact decolonisation?
Showed the Britain could not manage and control its retreat from Empire in ways that would preserve British power
What did Holland, New Zealand Prime minister, hint at?
Send troops to assist Britain
Who traveled to London in August 1956?
Menzies, Australian prime minister
When had Menzies travelled to London?
August 1956
What had Menzies done in August 1956?
Travelled to London, joined the cabinet discussions and spoke on the BBC. He led the discussions with Nasser in September 1956, which failed
Who tried to lead discussions with Nasser in September 1956, that failed?
Menzies, Australian prime minister
What was the long term impact of the Suez Crisis?
Symbolic of how Britain no longer had the power to maintain empire and therefore they had to accept the ‘winds of change’
