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Key Topic 4: The British Empire And International Relations > Suez Crisis > Flashcards

Suez Crisis Flashcards

1
Q

What did Nasser do in 1956?

A

Nationalised the Suez Canal

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2
Q

What was nationalised in July 1956 by Nasser?

A

Suez Cannal

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3
Q

Who nationalised the Suez Canal in July 1956?

A

Nasser

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4
Q

When had Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal?

A

July 1956

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5
Q

What was the plan of the Suez crisis?

A

Britain and France would construct a plan to remove Nasser through Proxy war (Israel would attack Egypt. Britain and France would act as peace keepers and depose Nasser)

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6
Q

What happened in January 1957?

A

Prime minister Eden forced to resign

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7
Q

When was Prime minister Eden forced to resign?

A

January 1957

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8
Q

What was the impact of Prime minister Eden being forced to resign in January 1957?

A

Humiliating as downfall due to third world country and showed how they were dominated by USSR and USA

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9
Q

What did Nasser offer to other African nationalist movements?

A

Support

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10
Q

What happened in 1936?

A

Anglo-Egypt treaty

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11
Q

When was the Anglo-Egyptian treaty?

A

1936

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12
Q

What happened in the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty?

A

Keep 10,000 troops in the Suez Canal

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13
Q

What allowed the British to keep 10,000 troops in Suez Canal?

A

Anglo-Egyptian treaty in 1936

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14
Q

Why did the Arabs not want to cooperate with the British?

A

Whilst they maintained garrisons in the Suez, controlled Sudan (seen as an insult to Egyptians who were seen as the leaders of the Arab world)

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15
Q

What happened in 1951?

A

King Farouk renounced the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty

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16
Q

When had King Farouk renounced the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty?

A

1951

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17
Q

Who renounced the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian treaty?

A

King Farouk

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18
Q

What title did King Farouk give himself?

A

King of Sudan

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19
Q

Who referred to himself as the King of Sudan?

A

King Farouk

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20
Q

What happened in January 1952?

A

King Farouk was overthrown

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21
Q

When was King Farouk overthrown?

A

January 1952

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22
Q

What happened in 1953?

A

Eden, foreign secretary in Churchill’s conservative government, made an agreement on stages towards Sudanese independence

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23
Q

When was an agreement made by Eden to steps towards Sudanese independence?

A

1953

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24
Q

What agreement was made in 1954?

A

Britain agreed a phased withdrawal of troops from the Suez Canal Zone within 20 months

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25
Q

When had Britain agreed a phased withdrawal of troops from the Suez Canal Zone within 20 months?

A

1954

26
Q

In the 1954, how long did the British agree until their withdrawal?

A

20 months

27
Q

What was the impact of:

1953: Agreement where there was a staged movement towards Sudanese independence
1954: British phased withdrawal from Suez Canal within 20 months

A

Improve Anglo-Arab relations
British would have access through the Suez Canal
Maintenance of former British bases
Respect for the independence of the Suez Canal Company

28
Q

Why did Britain want to improve Arab-Anglo relations?

A

Prevent them from turning to communism

Prevent national uprisings which would be costly

29
Q

What happened in 1955?

A

Baghdad Pact

30
Q

When was the Baghdad Pact?

A

1955

31
Q

What was the 1955 Baghdad Pact?

A

Agreement between Turkey, Pakistan, Iraq, Britain and Persia to repel any Soviet threat in the Middle East

32
Q

Who was in the 1955 Baghdad Pact?

A 
Turkey
Pakistan
Iraq
Britain
Persia
33
Q

What was the name of the agreement between Turkey, Pakistan, Iraq, Britain and Persia to repel any Soviet threat in the Middle East?

A

1955: Baghdad Pact

34
Q

When had Eden became prime minister?

A

April 1955

35
Q

Why did Nasser turn to Czechoslovakia?

A

Felt as if their hegemony was being challenged in the Middle East

36
Q

What happened in June 1957?

A

Nasser made himself President in Egypt

37
Q

When had Nasser made himself President of Egypt?

A

June 1956

38
Q

Who made himself President of Egypt in June 1956?

A

Nasser

39
Q

What were Nasser’s aims as president of Egypt?

A

Construction of the Aswan High Dam (core programme of irrigation, flood control and electrification)

40
Q

What was Nasser promised in 1955?

A

Funds from both Russia and the West

41
Q

What happened in July 1956?

A

USA withdrew funds from Egypt as they believed of his association with communist powers
Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal

42
Q

When had the USA withdrew funds from Egypt as they believed of his association with communist powers?

A

July 1956

43
Q

In July 1956, who withdrew funds from Egypt because of their association with communist powers?

A

USA

44
Q

What was the impact of the July 1956 nationalising of the Suez Canal?

A

Direct blow to the British government who had shares of 44% and threat to their position

45
Q

What did Eden say in 1956?

A

Outburst where he said he wanted Nasser destroyed (he may do said ‘murdered’) and compared him to Hitler

46
Q

When was there an outburst where Eden said he wanted Nasser destroyed (he may do said ‘murdered’) and compared him to Hitler?

A

1956

47
Q

Who said in an outburst he wanted Nasser destroyed (he may do said ‘murdered’) and compared him to Hitler?

A

1956

48
Q

What was the name of the plan hatched by Israel, France and Britain?

A

‘The protocol of Sèvres’

49
Q

What was the ‘The protocol of Sèvres’?

A

Israel would attack Egypt. France and Britain would demand the fighting to stop and as Egypt would deny, they would then invade them.

50
Q

How did the US react to the ‘The protocol of Sèvres’?

A

Condemned the attack

Refused to support sterling in the currency crisis

51
Q

How long did it take for the British to announce a ceasefire?

A

5 days

52
Q

Who refused to support sterling in the currency crisis as a result of the British attack?

A

USA

53
Q

Who did the British have to consult after the Suez crisis regarding imperial or international affairs?

A

USA

54
Q

What was the impact of the British government having to consult the USA regarding imperial or international policy?

A

Showed a loss power and influence

55
Q

How did the Suez crisis impact nationalist movements?

A

In order to achieve independence, they need to push harder so they could force them to surrender
Showed that it would be best to accept the nationalists demands

56
Q

How did the Suez Control impact decolonisation?

A

Showed the Britain could not manage and control its retreat from Empire in ways that would preserve British power

57
Q

What did Holland, New Zealand Prime minister, hint at?

A

Send troops to assist Britain

58
Q

Who traveled to London in August 1956?

A

Menzies, Australian prime minister

59
Q

When had Menzies travelled to London?

A

August 1956

60
Q

What had Menzies done in August 1956?

A

Travelled to London, joined the cabinet discussions and spoke on the BBC. He led the discussions with Nasser in September 1956, which failed

61
Q

Who tried to lead discussions with Nasser in September 1956, that failed?

A

Menzies, Australian prime minister

62
Q

What was the long term impact of the Suez Crisis?

A

Symbolic of how Britain no longer had the power to maintain empire and therefore they had to accept the ‘winds of change’

Key Topic 4: The British Empire And International Relations (18 decks)

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