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British Empire (1947-67) > Suez Crisis > Flashcards

Suez Crisis Flashcards

1
Q

Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was denounced by Farouk

A

1951 - King Farouk of Egypt declared himself King of Sudan as well

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2
Q

Coup d’etat in Egypt

A

1952 - free Officers in the military toppled King Farouk

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3
Q

Colonel Nasser deposed General Neguib

A

1954 - became PM of Egypt

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4
Q

Nasser became President of Egypt

A

1956

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5
Q

Nasser came to an agreement with the British soon after gaining power

A

October 1954
British would withdraw from Egypt in June 1956
Egypt had to give up its claim over Sudan
Egypt had to promise Britain free access through the Suez Canal and keep it independent
Egypt had to maintain British bases at an operational level

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6
Q

Bagdad Pact

A

1955

Turkey, Pakistan, Iraq, Britain and Persia promised to fight against Communism in the Middle East

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7
Q

How did Nasser feel about the Bagdad Pact?

A

Refused to join
Resented the British attempt to strength Western influence in the Middle East
Turned to CZ for arms
Signed an alliance with Syria

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8
Q

How did the Americans want to prevent the spread of Communism in the Middle East at this time?

A

Northern Tier defence system from Turkey to Pakistan (effectively buffer states)

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9
Q

USA announced that they were withdrawing funding from Nasser’s Aswan Damn project

A

July 1956

Britain and World Bank followed suit

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10
Q

Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal Company

A

26 July 1956

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11
Q

Protocol of Sèvres

A

Name for the plan that Israel, Britain and France came up with for their plan to invade Egypt/regain control of the Suez Canal

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12
Q

Israel invaded Egypt

A

29 October 1956

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13
Q

British and French issued ultimatums to Israel and Egypt to stop fighting (pretending that they hadn’t planned with Israel)

A

30 October 1956

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14
Q

British and French attacked Suez

A

5 November 1956

Very successful - overwhelmed the Egyptians easily

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15
Q

British called for a ceasefire

A

6 November 1956

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16
Q

Anthony Eden resigned

A

January 1957

17
Q

What impact did the Suez Crisis have on Sterling Area?

A

America refused to support sterling and thus gold and dollar reserves plummeted below the $2 billion required for the sterling area to function

18
Q

Eden agreed to withdraw from Egypt unconditionally

A

December 1956

19
Q

Last of Britain’s troops left Egypt

A

22 December 1956

20
Q

Conservative MP on the impact of Suez

A

‘The British cabinet lost its collective nerve’

21
Q

Results of Macmillan’s Audit of Empire

A

Treasury stated that the costs and benefits of Empire were more or less equal, but decolonisation could be more beneficial - effectively a green light for decolonisation

22
Q

The Treasury had known that the value of sterling depended on public confidence since…

A

February 1956

Argument that the Suez Crisis only exposed problems that already existed

23
Q

Defence White Paper

A

July 1957 - focussed on reducing the importance of the aircraft industry - due to the growth of missile and nuclear technology, planes were now far less important in defending Britain

24
Q

Commitment to British nuclear capacity dated back to…

A

1954

25
Q

Malta became independent but Britain secured UK base rights

A

1964

26
Q

Eisenhower and Macmillan met in Bermuda to restore cooperation in Middle Eastern Affairs

A

1957

27
Q

US and UK worked together to prevent Jordan and Lebanon from falling under Nasser’s influence

A

1958

28
Q

Kennedy provided assistance in the British intervention in Kuwait

A

1961

29
Q

British suppressed rebellions in Oman and Muscat

A

Late 1950s

30
Q

Continued British influence in UAE

A

UK expats continued to dominate industry and businesses in the area
British still maintained a large military base there

31
Q

British withdrew from SW Arabia

A

1967

32
Q

Iraqi Revolution

A

1958 - pro-GB government was replaced with a much more radical regime
This was more of a watershed for the British than Suez (perhaps)

33
Q

UAE, Kuwait and Qatar did not become independent until…

A

1971

34
Q

Quotations from PM Eden on Suez

A

Suez had not so much ‘changed our fortunes’ as ‘revealed our realities’

35
Q

Lennox-Boyd on Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika

A

Believed that independence for these places would not occur until the 1970s in order to continue to protect British interests in the Middle and Far East

British Empire (1947-67) (10 decks)

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