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British Empire (1947-67) > Africa > Flashcards

Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What was Mau Mau?

A

Nationalist, anticolonial peasant movement

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2
Q

Governor of Kenya (Baring) recommended a state of emergency be declared and Kenyatta arrested

A

October 1952

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3
Q

State of Emergency lifted in Kenya

A

1960

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4
Q

By the end of 1954, X Kenyans were held in custody

A

18,920 Africans held in custody in 176 ‘detention camps’

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5
Q

Between 1952 and 1956, X Kenyans were killed and X detained

A

11-12,000 killed

81,000 detained

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6
Q

Number of Africans who were hanged in state executions

A

1,090 (Kenya)

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7
Q

Hola Camp incident

A

1959
88 uncooperative prisoners, who refused to renounce their Mau Mau oaths, were set to hard labour and beaten when they refused
11 died, while the other 77 were seriously injured

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8
Q

Macleod Constitution paved the way for independence

A

1960 (Kenya)

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9
Q

Two main political parties in Kenya

A

Kenya African National Union (KANU) - led by Kenyatta, wanted centralised government
Kenya African Democratic Party (KADP) - wanted federal system

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10
Q

Kenya African National Union won federal elections

A

1963

Kenyatta became Kenya’s PM

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11
Q

Kenya became independent

A

1 June 1963

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12
Q

Apolo Milton Obote joined Uganda National Congress

A

1956

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13
Q

Obote was elected to the Colonial Legislative Council in Uganda

A

1957

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14
Q

Obote became PM of independent Uganda

A

1962

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15
Q

Afrikaner Nationalist party gained a majority and implemented apartheid policies

A

1948

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16
Q

Nelson Mandela helped to found a youth league of the African National Congress

A

1944

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17
Q

Mandela headed a ‘Defiance Campaign’ of civil disobedience

A

1952

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18
Q

Mandela established the first black law firm in SA

A

1952

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19
Q

Name of Mandela’s sabotage campaign

A

Spear of the Nation - Mandela cofounded this militant group in 1961

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20
Q

Sharpeville Massacre

A

March 1960

69 protestors killed by police and around 180 wounded

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21
Q

Union of SA withdrew from the Commonwealth

A

May 1961

Became Republic of SA

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22
Q

Burns Constitution

A

1946 (Ghana)

Gave an elected black majority on the Governor’s Legislative Council

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23
Q

Boycotts of Arab stores in Ghana due to high prices/post war inflation

A

January 1948

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24
Q

United Gold Coast Convention formed

A

August 1947

25
Nkrumah arrived back in Ghana
December 1947
26
Accra Riots
February 1948 (ex-servicemen marching with a petition for the Governor of Ghana had been fired on which prompted the riots)
27
Nkrumah and others (who had been arrested during Accra Riots) were released
April 1948
28
Nkrumah formed Convention People’s Party
12 June 1949
29
Nkrumah called for Positive Action (ie strikes)
January 1950 | Nkrumah ended up imprisoned again
30
First general election with universal franchise in Ghana
1951 - CPP secured 34/38 seats open to parties
31
Arden-Clarke called on Nkrumah to form a government (and got him released from prison)
February 1951
32
Nkrumah became PM
1952
33
Nkrumah’s ‘Declaration to the Colonial Peoples of the World’
1954 - stated that imperialism was exploitative and all countries should have the right to rule themselves
34
Second general election with universal franchise in Ghana
1954 - CPP maintained majority
35
Third general election with universal franchise in Ghana
1956 - CCP maintained majority and thus a date was set for independence
36
Gold Coast became independent as Ghana
6 March 1957 | First black African colony to gain independence
37
Nationalist leader in Nigeria
Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe
38
Azikiwe set up a newspaper in Nigeria
West African Pilot in 1935
39
Azikiwe protested against the Richards Constitution because it was too conservative
1946
40
Conferences in London and Lagos regarding Nigerian independence
1953 and 1954
41
Federal constitution implemented in Nigeria
1954
42
Nigerian independence
1 October 1960 | Azikiwe as Governor-General
43
Azikiwe became President of Nigeria
1963
44
Northern Rhodesia - originally came to be in control...
1924 - became a crown colony after Rhodes’ BSAC rescinded its political rights
45
Southern Rhodesia - originally came to be in control...
1923 - became a ‘self-governing colony’ and despite being a hybrid between two types of control, Southern Rhodesia was effectively treated as a dominion
46
Nyasaland - originally came to be in control...
Became a British protectorate in 1891
47
Central Africa Federation established
1953
48
Who originally proposed the CAF?
Andrew Cohen in his Cohen Report
49
Nationalist leader in Northern Rhodesia
Kenneth Kaunda
50
Nationalist leader in Nyasaland
Dr Hastings Banda
51
State of Emergency declared in Nyasaland
1959 (upon Banda’s return from Ghana) | Seen as a total overreaction
52
CAF dissolved
1963
53
Northern Rhodesia gained independence
1964 as Zambia
54
Nyasaland gained independence
1964 as Malawi
55
Ian Smith
PM of Southern Rhodesia
56
Ian Smith’s UDI
Unilateral Declaration of Independence of 1965 (illegal because Devonshire White Paper of 1923) Led to civil war
57
British response to UDI
Imposed economic sanctions along with the UN - failed because SA continued to trade with SR
58
Wilson attempted to negotiate with Ian Smith
HMS Tiger - 1966 | HMS Fearless - 1968
59
End of civil war in Southern Rhodesia
1980 - establishment of a black majority in Zimbabwe

British Empire (1947-67) (10 decks)

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