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British Empire (1947-67) > Africa > Flashcards

Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What was Mau Mau?

A

Nationalist, anticolonial peasant movement

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2
Q

Governor of Kenya (Baring) recommended a state of emergency be declared and Kenyatta arrested

A

October 1952

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3
Q

State of Emergency lifted in Kenya

A

1960

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4
Q

By the end of 1954, X Kenyans were held in custody

A

18,920 Africans held in custody in 176 ‘detention camps’

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5
Q

Between 1952 and 1956, X Kenyans were killed and X detained

A

11-12,000 killed

81,000 detained

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6
Q

Number of Africans who were hanged in state executions

A

1,090 (Kenya)

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7
Q

Hola Camp incident

A

1959
88 uncooperative prisoners, who refused to renounce their Mau Mau oaths, were set to hard labour and beaten when they refused
11 died, while the other 77 were seriously injured

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8
Q

Macleod Constitution paved the way for independence

A

1960 (Kenya)

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9
Q

Two main political parties in Kenya

A

Kenya African National Union (KANU) - led by Kenyatta, wanted centralised government
Kenya African Democratic Party (KADP) - wanted federal system

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10
Q

Kenya African National Union won federal elections

A

1963

Kenyatta became Kenya’s PM

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11
Q

Kenya became independent

A

1 June 1963

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12
Q

Apolo Milton Obote joined Uganda National Congress

A

1956

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13
Q

Obote was elected to the Colonial Legislative Council in Uganda

A

1957

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14
Q

Obote became PM of independent Uganda

A

1962

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15
Q

Afrikaner Nationalist party gained a majority and implemented apartheid policies

A

1948

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16
Q

Nelson Mandela helped to found a youth league of the African National Congress

A

1944

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17
Q

Mandela headed a ‘Defiance Campaign’ of civil disobedience

A

1952

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18
Q

Mandela established the first black law firm in SA

A

1952

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19
Q

Name of Mandela’s sabotage campaign

A

Spear of the Nation - Mandela cofounded this militant group in 1961

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20
Q

Sharpeville Massacre

A

March 1960

69 protestors killed by police and around 180 wounded

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21
Q

Union of SA withdrew from the Commonwealth

A

May 1961

Became Republic of SA

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22
Q

Burns Constitution

A

1946 (Ghana)

Gave an elected black majority on the Governor’s Legislative Council

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23
Q

Boycotts of Arab stores in Ghana due to high prices/post war inflation

A

January 1948

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24
Q

United Gold Coast Convention formed

A

August 1947

25
Q

Nkrumah arrived back in Ghana

A

December 1947

26
Q

Accra Riots

A

February 1948 (ex-servicemen marching with a petition for the Governor of Ghana had been fired on which prompted the riots)

27
Q

Nkrumah and others (who had been arrested during Accra Riots) were released

A

April 1948

28
Q

Nkrumah formed Convention People’s Party

A

12 June 1949

29
Q

Nkrumah called for Positive Action (ie strikes)

A

January 1950

Nkrumah ended up imprisoned again

30
Q

First general election with universal franchise in Ghana

A

1951 - CPP secured 34/38 seats open to parties

31
Q

Arden-Clarke called on Nkrumah to form a government (and got him released from prison)

A

February 1951

32
Q

Nkrumah became PM

A

1952

33
Q

Nkrumah’s ‘Declaration to the Colonial Peoples of the World’

A

1954 - stated that imperialism was exploitative and all countries should have the right to rule themselves

34
Q

Second general election with universal franchise in Ghana

A

1954 - CPP maintained majority

35
Q

Third general election with universal franchise in Ghana

A

1956 - CCP maintained majority and thus a date was set for independence

36
Q

Gold Coast became independent as Ghana

A

6 March 1957

First black African colony to gain independence

37
Q

Nationalist leader in Nigeria

A

Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe

38
Q

Azikiwe set up a newspaper in Nigeria

A

West African Pilot in 1935

39
Q

Azikiwe protested against the Richards Constitution because it was too conservative

A

1946

40
Q

Conferences in London and Lagos regarding Nigerian independence

A

1953 and 1954

41
Q

Federal constitution implemented in Nigeria

A

1954

42
Q

Nigerian independence

A

1 October 1960

Azikiwe as Governor-General

43
Q

Azikiwe became President of Nigeria

A

1963

44
Q

Northern Rhodesia - originally came to be in control…

A

1924 - became a crown colony after Rhodes’ BSAC rescinded its political rights

45
Q

Southern Rhodesia - originally came to be in control…

A

1923 - became a ‘self-governing colony’ and despite being a hybrid between two types of control, Southern Rhodesia was effectively treated as a dominion

46
Q

Nyasaland - originally came to be in control…

A

Became a British protectorate in 1891

47
Q

Central Africa Federation established

A

1953

48
Q

Who originally proposed the CAF?

A

Andrew Cohen in his Cohen Report

49
Q

Nationalist leader in Northern Rhodesia

A

Kenneth Kaunda

50
Q

Nationalist leader in Nyasaland

A

Dr Hastings Banda

51
Q

State of Emergency declared in Nyasaland

A

1959 (upon Banda’s return from Ghana)

Seen as a total overreaction

52
Q

CAF dissolved

A

1963

53
Q

Northern Rhodesia gained independence

A

1964 as Zambia

54
Q

Nyasaland gained independence

A

1964 as Malawi

55
Q

Ian Smith

A

PM of Southern Rhodesia

56
Q

Ian Smith’s UDI

A

Unilateral Declaration of Independence of 1965 (illegal because Devonshire White Paper of 1923)
Led to civil war

57
Q

British response to UDI

A

Imposed economic sanctions along with the UN - failed because SA continued to trade with SR

58
Q

Wilson attempted to negotiate with Ian Smith

A

HMS Tiger - 1966

HMS Fearless - 1968

59
Q

End of civil war in Southern Rhodesia

A

1980 - establishment of a black majority in Zimbabwe

British Empire (1947-67) (10 decks)

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