Sudden Illness Flashcards
what are the 3 major types of diabetes
- Type 1 diabetes
- Type 2 diabets
- Gestational diabetes
What is typee 1 diabetes
autoimmune disease where body immune system destroys the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas
what % of people have type 1 daibetes
10-15%
mc under 40
two live w type 1 diabetes they must inject themselves with insulin several times day
what % of people have type 2 diabetes
85-90% of people
What is type 2 diabetes characterised by
insulin resistance and relative insulin def
strong genetic origin by lifestyle factors play large part
what is the cause of a diabetic emergency
DE arises when the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypoglycemia
What do diabeteic eergenies usually occur
Two or more of following
- Insulin production or improper dosing
- reduced food intake
- too much exercise
s/s of a diabetic emergency
- altered mental state
- change in LOC
- intox apparence, slurred speech
- elevated HR
- cold/clamy skin
- hunger
- looking/feeling ill
- shakiness etc
care for a conscious person in diabetic emergency
offer person a glucose source
wait and watch for improvement (5mins)
If no improvements call 911/EMS (could be hyperglycaemia)
-if improves suggest a complete meal (if improves was prob hypoglycaemia)
Care for an unconscious person in diabetic emergency
Call EMS/911 if person is unconscious
after secondary survey put person in recovery pos
important notes w diabetic emergency first aid
you dont need to know dif between hyper and hypoglycaemia (first aid same for both)
Never give insulin
What is a seizure + etiology
sudden change in behaviour due to an excessive electrical activity in the brain
- wide variety of symptoms depending on what parts of the brain are affected
- can costs of loc w twitching, staring spells etc
What are chronic seizures called
epilepsy
what are the two classifications of seizures
simple- no change in consciousness
complex- change in level of consiousnes
what is generalized vs focal siezures
generalized- whole body affected
focal- only one part/side of body is affected
What are the general types of seizures
petit mal seizure
generalized tonic (grand maL)
Partial focal seizure
temporal seizure
Causes of seizures
head injuries fever certain meds poisons drug/alchol withdrawal heat stroke environmental stim inf
s/s of a seizure
- may be preceded by an aura
- a sense of urgency to get to safety
- unusual feeling
- strange sound/smell, taste
- range from mild blackouts to uncontrolled mm movements
- breathing may become irregular or cease
first aid care during seizure
new put anything in the mouth protect the person from injury by: --moving furniture --protecting persons head w blankets --keeping other dangers away fromm the person
After the seizure care
Enure ABCs
Secondary survey- make sure they didn’t injure selves
-be reassuring and comforting and put them in recovery pos
call 911/EMS during a seazure if??
- if 1st time having an episode
- if something triggered it (drug od)
- lasts longer than 2-5 mins
- doesnt feel normal after
- second episode happens soon after
- if in water
- preg/injured/diabters
- does not have id bracelet
What is a TIA
is a mini stroke caused by temp disturbance in blood supply to an area of the brain, resulting in a sudden, brief decrease in brain function
-if recovered under 24hrs would be a mini stroke (if doesnt resolve then ts a stroke)
loss of blood circulation can be caused by which of the following
- narrowing of a blood vessel
- blood clotting within an artery of the brain
- blood clot traveling to the brain from somewhere esle
- a blood disease, cancer and others
- inflammaton of blood vessels
- injury to blood vessels
what proportion of people who have a TIA will later have a stroke
1/3
what are 80-90% of strokes caused by
caused by atherosclerosis had tia before
what proportion of people who have had tia will have another
1/3
what age does the risk of tia increase dramatically
after 50
what race are tias mc in
african heritage men
symptoms of tia
numbness tingling weakness vision changes DAN sensation that room is moving lack of balance lack of coordination falling
what should be performed if somebody has some stroke symptoms/what should be done with them
refer to ERf
full neuro, CN, romberg, pronator drift, alternating mvmts
medical tx after referral in tia
the goal is to improve blood supply to the brain and prevent development of a stroke
tx and prevention of tia
- stop smoking
- meds to lower cholesterol
- reduced sodium in diet
- diet for diabetics reduced dietary fat
- good sleep/stress management
risk factors of a stroke
age hypertension smoking lipids increased homocysteine lvls meds preg coke
care for stroke in unconscious inv
Ensure ABCs
recovery pos on unaffected side, O2, wait for EMS
care for stroke conscious
do secondary survey comfort and reassure do not give food/fluids place in recovery pos on unaffected side wait for EMS and provide o2 perform neuro
