Sudden Illness

Question 1

what are the 3 major types of diabetes

Answer 1

1. Type 1 diabetes
2. Type 2 diabets
3. Gestational diabetes

Question 2

What is typee 1 diabetes

Answer 2

autoimmune disease where body immune system destroys the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas

Question 3

what % of people have type 1 daibetes

Answer 3

10-15%
mc under 40
two live w type 1 diabetes they must inject themselves with insulin several times day

Question 4

what % of people have type 2 diabetes

Answer 4

85-90% of people

Question 5

What is type 2 diabetes characterised by

Answer 5

insulin resistance and relative insulin def

strong genetic origin by lifestyle factors play large part

Question 6

what is the cause of a diabetic emergency

Answer 6

DE arises when the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood

• Hyperglycemia
• Hypoglycemia

Question 7

What do diabeteic eergenies usually occur

Answer 7

Two or more of following

• Insulin production or improper dosing
• reduced food intake
• too much exercise

Question 8

s/s of a diabetic emergency

Answer 8

• altered mental state
• change in LOC
• intox apparence, slurred speech
• elevated HR
• cold/clamy skin
• hunger
• looking/feeling ill
• shakiness etc

Question 9

care for a conscious person in diabetic emergency

Answer 9

offer person a glucose source
wait and watch for improvement (5mins)
If no improvements call 911/EMS (could be hyperglycaemia)

-if improves suggest a complete meal (if improves was prob hypoglycaemia)

Question 10

Care for an unconscious person in diabetic emergency

Answer 10

Call EMS/911 if person is unconscious

after secondary survey put person in recovery pos

Question 11

important notes w diabetic emergency first aid

Answer 11

you dont need to know dif between hyper and hypoglycaemia (first aid same for both)

Never give insulin

Question 12

What is a seizure + etiology

Answer 12

sudden change in behaviour due to an excessive electrical activity in the brain

• wide variety of symptoms depending on what parts of the brain are affected
• can costs of loc w twitching, staring spells etc

Question 13

What are chronic seizures called

Answer 13

epilepsy

Question 14

what are the two classifications of seizures

Answer 14

simple- no change in consciousness

complex- change in level of consiousnes

Question 15

what is generalized vs focal siezures

Answer 15

generalized- whole body affected

focal- only one part/side of body is affected

Question 16

What are the general types of seizures

Answer 16

petit mal seizure
generalized tonic (grand maL)
Partial focal seizure
temporal seizure

Question 17

Causes of seizures

Answer 17

head injuries
fever
certain meds
poisons
drug/alchol withdrawal
heat stroke
environmental stim
inf

Question 18

s/s of a seizure

Answer 18

• may be preceded by an aura
• a sense of urgency to get to safety
• unusual feeling
• strange sound/smell, taste
• range from mild blackouts to uncontrolled mm movements
• breathing may become irregular or cease

Question 19

first aid care during seizure

Answer 19

new put anything in the mouth
protect the person from injury by:
--moving furniture
--protecting persons head w blankets
--keeping other dangers away fromm the person

Question 20

After the seizure care

Answer 20

Enure ABCs
Secondary survey- make sure they didn’t injure selves
-be reassuring and comforting and put them in recovery pos

Question 21

call 911/EMS during a seazure if??

Answer 21

• if 1st time having an episode
• if something triggered it (drug od)
• lasts longer than 2-5 mins
• doesnt feel normal after
• second episode happens soon after
• if in water
• preg/injured/diabters
• does not have id bracelet

Question 22

What is a TIA

Answer 22

is a mini stroke caused by temp disturbance in blood supply to an area of the brain, resulting in a sudden, brief decrease in brain function

-if recovered under 24hrs would be a mini stroke (if doesnt resolve then ts a stroke)

Question 23

loss of blood circulation can be caused by which of the following

Answer 23

• narrowing of a blood vessel
• blood clotting within an artery of the brain
• blood clot traveling to the brain from somewhere esle
• a blood disease, cancer and others
• inflammaton of blood vessels
• injury to blood vessels

Question 24

what proportion of people who have a TIA will later have a stroke

Answer 24

1/3

Question 25

what are 80-90% of strokes caused by

Answer 25

caused by atherosclerosis had tia before

Question 26

what proportion of people who have had tia will have another

Answer 26

1/3

Question 27

what age does the risk of tia increase dramatically

Answer 27

after 50

Question 28

what race are tias mc in

Answer 28

african heritage men

Question 29

symptoms of tia

Answer 29

numbness
tingling
weakness
vision changes
DAN
sensation that room is moving
lack of balance
lack of coordination 
falling

Question 30

what should be performed if somebody has some stroke symptoms/what should be done with them

Answer 30

refer to ERf

full neuro, CN, romberg, pronator drift, alternating mvmts

Question 31

medical tx after referral in tia

Answer 31

the goal is to improve blood supply to the brain and prevent development of a stroke

Question 32

tx and prevention of tia

Answer 32

• stop smoking
• meds to lower cholesterol
• reduced sodium in diet
• diet for diabetics reduced dietary fat
• good sleep/stress management

Question 33

risk factors of a stroke

Answer 33

age
hypertension
smoking
lipids
increased homocysteine lvls
meds
preg
coke

Question 34

care for stroke in unconscious inv

Answer 34

Ensure ABCs

recovery pos on unaffected side, O2, wait for EMS

Question 35

care for stroke conscious

Answer 35

do secondary survey
comfort and reassure
do not give food/fluids
place in recovery pos on unaffected side
wait for EMS and provide o2
perform neuro