Sudden Illness Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 major types of diabetes

A
  1. Type 1 diabetes
  2. Type 2 diabets
  3. Gestational diabetes
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2
Q

What is typee 1 diabetes

A

autoimmune disease where body immune system destroys the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas

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3
Q

what % of people have type 1 daibetes

A

10-15%
mc under 40
two live w type 1 diabetes they must inject themselves with insulin several times day

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4
Q

what % of people have type 2 diabetes

A

85-90% of people

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5
Q

What is type 2 diabetes characterised by

A

insulin resistance and relative insulin def

strong genetic origin by lifestyle factors play large part

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6
Q

what is the cause of a diabetic emergency

A

DE arises when the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood

  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypoglycemia
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7
Q

What do diabeteic eergenies usually occur

A

Two or more of following

  • Insulin production or improper dosing
  • reduced food intake
  • too much exercise
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8
Q

s/s of a diabetic emergency

A
  • altered mental state
  • change in LOC
  • intox apparence, slurred speech
  • elevated HR
  • cold/clamy skin
  • hunger
  • looking/feeling ill
  • shakiness etc
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9
Q

care for a conscious person in diabetic emergency

A

offer person a glucose source
wait and watch for improvement (5mins)
If no improvements call 911/EMS (could be hyperglycaemia)

-if improves suggest a complete meal (if improves was prob hypoglycaemia)

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10
Q

Care for an unconscious person in diabetic emergency

A

Call EMS/911 if person is unconscious

after secondary survey put person in recovery pos

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11
Q

important notes w diabetic emergency first aid

A

you dont need to know dif between hyper and hypoglycaemia (first aid same for both)

Never give insulin

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12
Q

What is a seizure + etiology

A

sudden change in behaviour due to an excessive electrical activity in the brain

  • wide variety of symptoms depending on what parts of the brain are affected
  • can costs of loc w twitching, staring spells etc
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13
Q

What are chronic seizures called

A

epilepsy

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14
Q

what are the two classifications of seizures

A

simple- no change in consciousness

complex- change in level of consiousnes

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15
Q

what is generalized vs focal siezures

A

generalized- whole body affected

focal- only one part/side of body is affected

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16
Q

What are the general types of seizures

A

petit mal seizure
generalized tonic (grand maL)
Partial focal seizure
temporal seizure

17
Q

Causes of seizures

A
head injuries
fever
certain meds
poisons
drug/alchol withdrawal
heat stroke
environmental stim
inf
18
Q

s/s of a seizure

A
  • may be preceded by an aura
  • a sense of urgency to get to safety
  • unusual feeling
  • strange sound/smell, taste
  • range from mild blackouts to uncontrolled mm movements
  • breathing may become irregular or cease
19
Q

first aid care during seizure

A
new put anything in the mouth
protect the person from injury by:
--moving furniture
--protecting persons head w blankets
--keeping other dangers away fromm the person
20
Q

After the seizure care

A

Enure ABCs
Secondary survey- make sure they didn’t injure selves
-be reassuring and comforting and put them in recovery pos

21
Q

call 911/EMS during a seazure if??

A
  • if 1st time having an episode
  • if something triggered it (drug od)
  • lasts longer than 2-5 mins
  • doesnt feel normal after
  • second episode happens soon after
  • if in water
  • preg/injured/diabters
  • does not have id bracelet
22
Q

What is a TIA

A

is a mini stroke caused by temp disturbance in blood supply to an area of the brain, resulting in a sudden, brief decrease in brain function

-if recovered under 24hrs would be a mini stroke (if doesnt resolve then ts a stroke)

23
Q

loss of blood circulation can be caused by which of the following

A
  • narrowing of a blood vessel
  • blood clotting within an artery of the brain
  • blood clot traveling to the brain from somewhere esle
  • a blood disease, cancer and others
  • inflammaton of blood vessels
  • injury to blood vessels
24
Q

what proportion of people who have a TIA will later have a stroke

25
what are 80-90% of strokes caused by
caused by atherosclerosis had tia before
26
what proportion of people who have had tia will have another
1/3
27
what age does the risk of tia increase dramatically
after 50
28
what race are tias mc in
african heritage men
29
symptoms of tia
``` numbness tingling weakness vision changes DAN sensation that room is moving lack of balance lack of coordination falling ```
30
what should be performed if somebody has some stroke symptoms/what should be done with them
refer to ERf | full neuro, CN, romberg, pronator drift, alternating mvmts
31
medical tx after referral in tia
the goal is to improve blood supply to the brain and prevent development of a stroke
32
tx and prevention of tia
- stop smoking - meds to lower cholesterol - reduced sodium in diet - diet for diabetics reduced dietary fat - good sleep/stress management
33
risk factors of a stroke
``` age hypertension smoking lipids increased homocysteine lvls meds preg coke ```
34
care for stroke in unconscious inv
Ensure ABCs | recovery pos on unaffected side, O2, wait for EMS
35
care for stroke conscious
``` do secondary survey comfort and reassure do not give food/fluids place in recovery pos on unaffected side wait for EMS and provide o2 perform neuro ```