Heat + Cold

Question 1

normal body temp range

Answer 1

96.4-99.1 F

Question 2

Which types of weather make thermal transfer less efficient for us

Answer 2

as ambient temp and humidity increase, the thermal transfer becomes less efficient

Heat + humidity runs the highest risk

Question 3

what is temp homeostasis a balance of (and what happens when its lost)

Answer 3

heat dissapation=heat accumulatoon

when heat accumulation surpasses heat dissipation homeostasis is lost and hyperthermia occurs

Question 4

what are the 5 common types of heat illness

Answer 4

1. heat edema
2. heat cramps
   3 heat syncope
3. heat exhaustion
   5 heat stroke

Question 5

Wha is heat edema and who does it impact

Answer 5

mildest form of heat illness that occurs in those unacclimatized in extreme heat

Transient peripheral vasodilation complicated by orthostatic pooling of venous return

Question 6

Symptoms of heat edema

Answer 6

• mild dependent edema in hands/feet
• normal vital signs
• may have concurrent symptoms of heat exhaustion

Question 7

what are heat cramps and who does it occur to

Answer 7

during or after strenuous activity in unacclimatized ind in extreme heat
-attributed to excessive fluid/sodium loss via sweat and neg sodium balance

Question 8

symptoms of heat cramps

Answer 8

acute mm spass
normal vital signs
may have concurrent symptoms of heat exhaustion

Question 9

what is heat syncope and what is due to

Answer 9

typically associated w prolonged standing or with a sudden rise from seated/laying pos
-results from inadequate cardiac output and postural hypotension from prolonged dehydration

Question 10

symptoms of heat syncope

Answer 10

• acute/sudden temp loc
• pts usually recover rapidly
• normal vital signs
• may have concurrent symptoms of heat exhaustion

Question 11

what is mc heat related illness (+ temp range)

Answer 11

heat exhaustion

99.1-104

Question 12

symptoms of heat exhaustion

Answer 12

• ha
• extreme weakness
• dizziness/vertigo
• heat sensations
• heat cramps
• chills
• vommiting/nausea
• irritability etc

Question 13

what is a heat stroke and two major forms

Answer 13

condition in which body temp is elevated to a lvl that causes damage to a body tissues
-med emergency

1. classical
2. exertion

Question 14

what is classical heat stroke, who does it happen to

Answer 14

caused by env exposure and results in core hyperthermia above 104

• primarily in elderly + chronic illness
• can develop slowly over several hours/days

Question 15

What is exertionl induced heat stroke and who does it occur in usually

Answer 15

associated with hard exertion/exercise in hot/humid env resulting in core hyperthermia above 104

• primarily affects younger/active persons
• rapid onset

Question 16

the dx of heat stroke is reliant on what two major factros

Answer 16

1. hyperthemia (>104/40)

2. CNS dysfunction

Question 17

predisposing factors to heat injury

Answer 17

1. climate
2. ex/ strenuous activity
3. age
4. pre existing illness
5. certain drugs
6. hydration status
   7, skin disease
7. lack of acclimatization
8. prev hx.

Question 18

first aid for heat deema

Answer 18

• removal from hot env + cool
• address possibility of dehydration
• get pt recumbent and elevate legs
• prevent reoccurrence w gradual return to activity in hot env

Question 19

heat cramps first aid

Answer 19

• remove from hot env and cool
• address dehydration and loss of electrolytes
• gentle stretching
• prevent reoccurrence w gradual return to activity in hot env

Question 20

heat syncope first aid

Answer 20

• remove from hot env
• get pt in recovery pos
• initiate cooling
• address dehydration and loss of electron
• prevent reoccurrence w gradual return to hot

Question 21

heat exhaustion first aid

Answer 21

removal from hot env
get in recovery pos
initiate cooling asap
adress dehydration and the loss of electos, monitor symtoms

prevent reoccurrence w proper hydration and gradual return to hot env

Question 22

why is heat stroke serious serious

Answer 22

mortality rate and organ damage from heat stoke appear to be directly proportional to length of time bw core body temp elevation and initiation of cooling

• cool as fast as possible *

Question 23

First aid for heat stroke

Answer 23

-monitor core temp/vitals

• cool
• aggressive cooling stopped when temps reach 101
• transport for advanced care

Question 24

cooling methods for heat stroke

Answer 24

water immersion
wet towel application
cool air and water spray
ice packs to neck, axilla,groin

Question 25

exposure to cold can cause the following emergencies (3)

Answer 25

1. frost nip
2. frost bite
3. hypothermia

Question 26

what is frost nip

Answer 26

a superficial injury caused by freezing of a small area (nose, cheek, fingers, toes)

Question 27

frost nip s/s

Answer 27

• feels like skin is burning
• stings
• may go numb
• skin color flushed, then turns green as body realizes it is not able to warm body part (frostbite)

red=frost nip
grey-frost bite

Question 28

tx of frost nip

Answer 28

prevention is key (warm clothes etc)
thawing out skin by applying steady pressure w hand (dont rub)
put cold areas in axilla/groin

Question 29

frost bite s/s

Answer 29

waxy white appearance in injured area (not red)
flesh is hard and solid to touch
jts stiffen
no pain

Question 30

frost bite tx

Answer 30

get to shelter
dont rub
warm w warm water/covering
do not bend/straiten limbs till thaw
after thaw encourage to move
transport immediately

Question 31

hypothermia def

Answer 31

a fall in core temp < or equal to 96.4 (35.7)

Question 32

s.s of hypothermia

Answer 32

decreased coodination
numbness in extremities
feels cold/weary 
slurred speach 
etc etc

Question 33

5 stages of hypothermia

Answer 33

1. shivering
2. apathy + decreased mm function
3. decreased lvl of responsiveness
4. decreased vital signs
5. death

Question 34

hypothermia tx

Answer 34

• move pt from cold env and prevent further heat loss
• handle pt gently
• monitor vitals
• if cardiac arrest do CPR
• actibey rewarm