Substance Use Disorders Flashcards
(50 cards)
Sedative hypnotics - 4 examples
Benzos
Barbiturates
Meprobamate
GHB
Lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence
Lifetime = 12-15%
Annual = 4-6%
Lifetime prevalence of drug abuse or dependence is appx. ___%
6%
Who’s at greater risk for alcohol dep. ?
Men (4-5x)
__% of patients on opioid analgesics for noncancer pain will experience addiction
20%
What’s the reward center in the brain that drives addiction? How?
Nucleus accumbens
Allows for release of DA
Addictive drugs tend to increase DA activity in the _______ (area)
mesolimbic area of the forebrain
THC acts in the…
HC and amygdala
(according to the picture in the lecture)
________ is ver similar to stimulant self administration
Self administration of electrical stimulation in reward areas
Possible factors in alcohol genetics (4)
- Initial sensitivity to EtOH
- increased tolerance
- metabolic differences (ADH)
- event related potentials in EEGs after stimulus
Alcohol is the most ___ drug because it ______
the most complex
does not act via a specific NT or receptor
Alcohol mechanism
indirectly stimlates the release of DA in the NA
Directly stimulates GABA-alpha receptor
Inhibits the NMDAr
what is PAWS?
Post alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Residual upregulated glutamate, which can persist for months but is particularly important in the days/weeks following cessation of drinking.
Cocaine MOA
`Blocks DA reuptake in the mesolimbic system
Stimulates NE release in peripheral system
blocks SODIUM channels
Amphetamine mechanism
Directly stimulates DA release in mesolimbic system
opiates bind to…
the mu, sigma, and kappa receptors
both centrally and peripherally
Mu, Sigma, and Kappa opiate receptors act via what MOA
They cause DA release in VTA
This drug results in the strongest withdrawal
Opiates
Substance abuse disorder definition
A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by 2 or more of the following occurring within a 12 month period
Rating the criteria in substance use disorder
2-3 = Mild
4-5 = Moderate
6 or more = Severe
Criteria for Alcohol use disorder
- Taken in larger amounts OR over a longer period of time than intended
- Unsuccessful effort to cut back
- Lots of time spent obtaining/using/recovering
- Craving or urge to use
- Affects work or home functioning
- Continued use despite social or interpersonal problems
- Given up social, occupational, or recreational activities
- Continued use despite hazardous situations
- Continued use despite physical or psych problem
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal
Remission for alcohol use disorder (definitions)
Early remission = 3-12 months without use
Sustained remission = more than 12 months without use
What is CAGE?
Have you Cut down drinking?
Have you been Annoyed by criticism?
Have you felt Guilty about things you’ve done while drinking?
Do you ever have an Eye opener?
Opioid mususe behaviors
- Loss of control (lost prescriptions, early refills, doctor shopping)
- Use despite negative consequences
- Prior addiction
- Physical dependence
