Substance use Disorder Flashcards
what does dopamine regulate
pleasure and pain and plays a major role in all addictions
what is the legal BAL is U.S
0.08%
BAL depends on what human factors
amount of alcohol consumed, body weight of individual and the time since consumption
what BAL can death occur at
10-15 drinks .3%-.50%
intended effects of alcohol
relaxation and decrease anxiety
intoxicating effects of alcohol
slurred speech, drowsiness, blackouts, loss of coordination, decrease LOC, stupor, coma, possible death
what are symptoms of withdrawal of alcohol AKA hangover
starts 4-12hrs after intake, cramping, tremors, swearing, vomiting, insomnia, increase pulse, increase respirations, fever, seizures, hallucinations
what are symptoms of alcohol withdrawal with delirium
may occur 2-3 days after drinking, severe disorientation, psychotic symptoms, terrifying hallucinations, severe hypertension, delirium, death
What causes wernicke- korsakoff syndrome
Inflammatory, hemorrhagic, degenerative condition of the brain caused by thiamine deficiency from poor diet and alcohol induced suppression of thiamine absorption
How is wernicke Korsakoff reversed
With thiamine if left untreated it leads to korsakoff’s psychosis
What is korsakoffs psychosis
Irreversible form of amnesia characterized by short term memory loss and inability to learn
what are intended effects of sedatives
sedation and decreased anxiety
what are intoxicating effects of sedatives
increased drowsiness, slurred speech, uncoordinated, disoriented, N&V, respiratory depression, decreased LOC, possible death
what is the antidote for benzodiazepines
flumazenil
what are withdrawal symptoms of sedatives
anxiety, diaphoresis, tremors, NV, hypertension, possible psychosis, seizures
who would you treat sedative overdose
tx like alcohol at first until you get lab results back then tx for benzo
what are intended effects of opioids
euphoria, pain relief
what are intoxicating effects of opioids
slurred speech, incoordination, impaired judgment, constricted pupils, decrease LOC, decreased respirations, possible death
what is the antidote for opioids
naloxone
what are withdrawal symptoms of opioids
sweating, rhinorrhea, yawning, tremors, irritability, diarrhea, fever, insomnia, NV, muscle spasms
what is the first line of tx for opioid overdose
naloxone but if that isn’t working then go for flumazenil
what is a strong indication of opiod toxicity
pinpoint pupils
depressed respirations
coma
what are intended effects of stimulants
rush of euphoria, pleasure, and increase energy
what are intoxicating effects of stimulants
dizzy, iritable tremors, sin sensation, impaired judgement, tachycardia, increased BP, dilated pupils, hallucinations, cardiovascular collapse, death
what are withdrawal symptoms of stimulants
craving, depression, fatigue, excess sleeping or insomnia, paranoia, not life threatening but may become suicidal
why do you not have discussions with pts who are withdrawing
because they are less likely to listen
what are intended effects of hallucinogens and dissociative drugs
increase sense of self, altered perceptions
what are intoxicating effects of hallucinogens and dissociative drugs
anxiety, depression, paranoia, aggression, violence, impaired judgment, hallucinations, dilated pupils, increase pulse, BP, temp, palpitations, tremors, panic attacks
what are withdrawal symptoms of hallucinogens
visual disturbances, flashbacks, hallucinations may occur for years
what is the intended effects of inhalants
euphoria
what are intoxicating effects of inhalants
behavioral or psychological changes, incoordinated, slurred speech, drowsiness, stupor, coma, anoxia etc
what are the withdrawal symptoms of inhalants
nothing
what group is most affected by inhalants
teens around age 16 17ish
what are the intended effects of cannabis
euphoria, sedation, decreased intraocular pressure, NV, mgmt of pain, weightloss
what are intoxicating effects of cannabis
paranoia, delusions, hallucinations, increase appetite, tachycardia. chronic could lead to lung cancer, bronchitis
what are withdrawal symptoms of cannabis
irritibility, aggression, anxiety, insomnia, lack of appetite, tremors, depression, abd pain, HA
what is the intended use for tobacco (nicotine)
relaxation
what are withdrawal symptoms of tobacco
irritability, craving, nervous, insomnia, anger, depression, increased appetite
what are the 5 A’s of brief smoking cessation counseling
ask about smoking advise to quit assess for willingness to qui assist in quit attempt arrange for follow up
what is the first line defense of alcohol addiction
naltrexone
why is disulfiram last line defense for alcohol addiction
because the side effects are SO bad if they have a sip of alcohol *so teach them to avoid drinking while taking this med
what is the best way to reduce need for nicotine
replace it in another form like patches, gum, lozenges, etc
*taper off between 2-4 weeks depending on how much you are taking in
what is the tx for nicotine addiction
buproprion
*black box warning for suicide
