Substance Use Disorder Flashcards
a pattern of use that has adverse effects; this brings about problems at work, school, with relationships, and can be dangerous; this can often lead to dependence
Substance Abuse
despite the adverse effects, individuals find it challenging to stop their use, or experience withdrawal symptoms when they do
Substance Dependence
develops as a result of the body metabolizing substances more quickly, which reduces their effectiveness; number of receptors decreases, and more of the substance is required for the same desired effect
Tolerance
after an individual discontinues substance use, symptoms range in severity and can result in hospitalization; symptoms often cause individuals to continue their use and remain in the cycle
Withdrawal
dilated pupils, track marks, sniffling, twitching, loss of appetite, nodding
Signs of Use: Heroin
impaired judgment, slurred speech, unsteady gait, inappropriate or aggressive behavior
Signs of Use: Alcohol
glassy red eyes, loud talking, laughter, loss of motivation, weight gain/loss
Signs of Use: Cannabis
euphoria, anxiety, hyperactivity, auditory hallucinations, confusion, psychomotor agitation, seizures
Signs of Use: Cocaine
perceptual changes, paranoia, pupillary dilation, blurred vision, incoordination
Signs of Use: Hallucinogens
pupillary constriction, slurred speech, drowsiness, impairment in attention and memory, initial euphoria leading to apathy or dysphoria
Signs of Use: Opioids
anxiety, increased sweating, muscle aches, nausea, irritability, restlessness, diarrhea, suicidal ideation
Signs of Withdrawal: Heroin
tremors, anxiety, seizures, sweating, restlessness, nausea, headaches, tachycardia
Signs of Withdrawal: Alcohol
stomach pain, sweating, fever, chills, insomnia, agitation, aggression, tremors
Signs of Withdrawal: Cannabis
dysphoric mood, fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor agitation or retardation
Signs of Withdrawal: Cocaine
panic attacks, speech problems, severe mood swings, seizures and tremors, elevated blood pressure and heart rate
Signs of Withdrawal: Hallucinogens
dysphoric mood, nausea, muscle aches, runny eyes and nose, pupillary dilation, diarrhea, fever, insomnia
Signs of Withdrawal: Opioids
a symptom related to alcohol withdrawal including rapid respiration, hallucinations, temperature abnormalities and body tremors
Delirium Tremens (DTs)
a neurological disorder associated with chronic alcohol use; caused by a thiamine (vit B) deficiency
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
a neurological condition associated with chronic alcohol use; caused by a thiamine (vit B) deficiency and causes memory problems
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
a medication used in coordination with counselling for alcohol use disorder; blocks the enzyme that is used to metabolize alcohol and produces side effects such as increased heart rate, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, flushing and thirst when combined with alcohol
Antabuse (Disulfiram)
medications used to treat opioid use disorders
methadone, suboxone, buprenorphine (subutex)
no intention to change behavior in the foreseeable future; many individuals in this stage are not aware that their behavior is problematic
- Precontemplation (Stages of Change)
individuals are aware that a problem exists and are thinking about making a change; have not committed to action
- Contemplation (Stages of Change)
individuals are ready to take action, begins to take small steps, and believes that change will lead to a healthier life
- Preparation (Stages of Change)
individuals begin to modify behavior to overcome problems; this is where the most overt changes are made and where the most commitment of time and energy is required
- Action (Stages of Change)
individuals work to prevent relapse and consolidate the gains that were made during the action stage
- Maintenance (Stages of Change)
the individual relapses and feels frustrated, ashamed and disappointed
- Relapse (Stages of Change)
treatment strategy that is peer-based and includes guiding principles to overcome addiction
12 Step Programs
therapy modality that helps people resolve their ambivalent feelings to find internal motivation for change; a practical, empathetic and short-term process that considers the difficulties associated with change
Motivational Interviewing
an approach to treating substance use problems that does not require a commitment to abstinence; aims to change behavior according to patient goals
Harm Reduction
four question screening tool used to evaluate adults for the presence of substance use dependency
CAGE Assessment
evaluation to determine if an individual meets DSM criteria for substance use disorder, and its severity
Substance Use Disorder Evaluation (SUDE)
an individual who had once met the criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder has not met the criteria for more than 3 months, and less than 12 months; does not count the presence of cravings
In Early Remission
an individual who had once met the criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder has not met the criteria for more than 12 months; does not count the presence of cravings
In Sustained Remission
