Substance Use Flashcards
What are some socioeconomic constraints on drug taking?
- price
- availability
- social norms
What are the different criterions to be classed as substance use disorder
A impaired
Control, social impairment, risky use, pharmacological
What are some motivations to consume?
- peer group
- reinforcement
- genetic predisposition
What are some factors leading to access to and patterns of drug taking?
- socioeconomic constraints on drug taking
- motivation to consume
What are some consequences of chronic drug use?
- drug dependency
- addiction
What are some acute consequences of drugs?
- health related issues
- violence
- public intoxication
What are some principles of effective management?
- no single tx is appropriate
- needs to be readily available and accessible
- attends to multiple psychological, medical and social interventions
- dual diagnoses clients should have both disorders treated in an integrated fashion
- tax does not need to be voluntary to effect change
- can be long term process and frequently requires multiple episodes of tx
What are the learning based approaches to target in CBT for addiction?
- maladaptive behaviour patterns
- motivational and cognitive barriers to change
- skills deficits
What are some cognitive/ motivational
strategies in CBT for addiction?
- identify high risk situations (cues)
- reduce likelihood events are encountered
- rehearse non drug alternatives to - motivational interviewing (ie exploration of ambivalence)
- enhance motivation for alternative activities
- target cognitions that enhance likelihood of drug use
- strategies to target cognitive distortion a specific to substance abuse including rationalisation and giving up
What is the aim and how do we shift contingencies in CBT for addiction?
- eventual aim is to increase the reinforcing consequences of drug reduction thrpugb naturally occurring rewards (eg employment, improved relationships, social success)
- artificial rewards may be used (monetary prizes, vouchers for goods eg take home methadone)
What are some skills training for CBT in drug addiction?
- emotion regulation
- non drug alternatives to coping with negative affect
- rehearsal of socially acceptable responses to offers of drugs (with imaginal exposure or emotional induction)
What are some common barriers to overcoming addiction?
- psychiatric co morbidity
- acute or chronic cognitive deficits
- medical problems
- social stressors
- lack of social resources
What is a drug/ substance?
Any substance that exerts an effect on the body or mind (prescription, legal and illicit)
Effect may be: neurophysiological, emotional, behavioural, cognitive
What is an eg
Of a depressant?
- alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, sedatives, inhalants
What are some egs stimulants?
- cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, MDA, amphetamines
What are some egs of hallucinogens?
- altered perceptions- mescaline, LSD, psilocybin
What are some egs of opioids/ narcotics?
Analgesias- oxycodone, morphine, heroin, codeine, methadone
What are some egs of cannabinoids?
Marijuana, hash, ganja
How do you define addiction?
Behaviours characterised by compulsion, loss of control and continued use despite perceived or negative consequences
What is the difference btw physiological and psychological dependence?
Physiological is associated with physical symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal on cessation eg can lead to increased use when trying to withdraw
Psychological is cravings leading to repetitive use ie related to conditioning
What does the choice theory of addiction suggest?
- perceived benefits, urges are balanced against perceived costs and self control leading to addictive behaviour
How is impaired control defined?
- use of amounts for longer than intended
- repeated unsuccessful attempts to cease
- excessive time obtaining drug
- craving
How is social impairment defined?
- failure to meet obligations: work, school, home
- social and interpersonal problems
- social, occupational or recreational activities reduced
How is risky use defined?
- continued use despite awareness of negative problems with use
- used in physically hazardous situations
