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Abnormal 3018 > Eating disorders > Flashcards

Eating disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Dual Pathway Model of BED/BN?

A
  • binge eating episodes are triggered by dietary restraint and/or negative affect
  • in return, binge eating episodes leads to further negative affect and dietary restraint, thereby increasing further likelihood of binge eating episodes
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2
Q

What is the possible aetiology of BED?

A

BIOLOGICAL: suggestions of moderate heritability; hormonal disturbances
PSYCHOLOGICAL: negative affect, emotional eating associated, ?cognitive deficits
SOCIAL: poorer family fning

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3
Q

What are some treatment approaches for BED?

A
  • self help approaches
  • CBT
  • interpersonal psychotherapy
  • behavioural weight loss
  • pharmacological approaches
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4
Q

What is the CBT approach for BED?

A
  • develop moderate eating plan
  • increase physical activity
  • achieve greater acceptance of body shape and weight
  • overcoming barriers for change
  • not as strict as CBT in BN
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5
Q

How effective is IPT in BED?

A
  • highly effective in reducing binge eating and as effective as CBT
  • discuss interpersonal instead of intrapsychic problems
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6
Q

How is behavioural weight loss used in BED?

A
  • emphasis on weight loss by restricting caloric intake and increasing activity
  • research done by obesity researchers, not eating disorder specialists
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7
Q

What are the pharmacological approaches towards BED?

A
  • antidepressant medications supported in the short term

- anti- convulsance topiramate (topamax)- reduces appetite, but there are a lot of side effects

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8
Q

Compare CBT and IPT in BED

A
  • CBT is better post treatment

- at 1 year- follow up, CBT and IPT are comparable in results

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9
Q

Compare CBT & IPT in BN

A
  • CBT is better than IPT post treatment

- CBT and IPT are just as good as one another at 1 - year follow- up

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10
Q

What is the DSM-V Criteria for BED?

A

CRITERION A: Recurrent episodes of bingeing; characterised by:
- eating in a discrete period (2 hours) amounts that is more than what most people would eat
- sense of LACK OF CONTROL
CRITERION B: Binge eating associated with:
- eating rapidly
- eating until uncomfortable
- eating large amounts when not hungry
- eating alone
- feeling disgusted
CRITERION C: Marked distress from binge eating
CRITERION D: Occurs once per week for 3 months
CRITERION E: Not associated with recurrent compensatory behaviours

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11
Q

What is the epidemiology of BED?

A

Prevalence:

  • 50/50 for F/M
  • 3-5% lifetime prevalence
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12
Q

What are some physical and emotional ramifications of BED?

A
  • most prominent physical issue is OBESITY

- mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use and personality disorders common

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13
Q

What is the concern with obesity in BED?

A
  • increases heart disease, HTN, diabetes, stroke and cancer
  • obesity stigma
  • risk factors for dementia
  • associated with cognitive deficits, especially executive function
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14
Q

What did the IOWA Gambling task suggest about obese individuals?

A
  • that there is reduced executive function as they were unable to identify the pattern of gambling
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15
Q

Which individuals did the worst on the IOWA Gambling task?

A
  • Individuals with VT Lesions
  • obese individuals
  • AN
  • Substance use
  • Healthy individuals
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16
Q

What are the 7 different eating disorders?

A
  • PICA
  • Rumination Disorder
  • Avoidant/ Restrictive Food intake disorder
  • Anorexia Nervosa
  • Bulimia Nervosa
  • Binge eating disorders
  • Other specified or eating disorder
17
Q

What is the DSM-V Criteria for AN?

A

CRITERION A: Restriction of energy relative to requirements, leading to low BW (bmi </= 18.5; weightloss leading to maintenance of body weight less than 85% of expected; voluntary)
CRITERION B: Intense fear of gaining weight / becoming fat, or PERSISTENT behaviour to avoid weight gain, even though underweight
CRITERION C: Undue influence of BW or shape on self- evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight.

18
Q

What are the sub-types of AN?

A
  • RESTRICTING TYPE: does not regularly engage in binge eating or purging behaviour
  • BINGE-EATING/PURGING TYPE: person regularly engages in binge eating or purging behaviour
19
Q

What are the effects of AN?

A
  • ? reduced cogntive deficits
  • mood intolerance
  • thinned hair
  • low BP, low HR, arrhythmias
  • anaemia
  • weakened muscles and joins
  • constipation/bloating
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • kidney failure
  • OP
  • ammenhoria, bone loss
  • easily bruise, dry skin, hair over body
20
Q

What is the aetiology of AN?

A

BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: suggestion of genetic vulnerability
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS: low self- esteem, low executive fn, dysfnal thinking, perfectionism, need for control
SOCIAL: family, peers, cultural

21
Q

What is the cognitive model of AN? (Garner & Bemis, 1986)

A
  • individuals fearful of gaining weight and relentless pursuit of thinness
  • lose individuals to relieve distress and achieve self- control
  • Maintained by DISTORTED INFORMATION PROCESSING: selective abstraction, dichotomous thinking, assessing self- worth solely in terms of shape and weight and ability to control
22
Q

What is the schema model of AN?

A
  • specific KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE OR KNOWLEDGE of the self

- suggests that ED individuals have ATTENTIONAL BIASES TOWARDS WEIGHT, SHAPE AND FOOD STIMULI

23
Q

What is the transdiagnostic theory of EDs?

A

There are issues overlapping in the EDS such as undue concern with body shape and weight
That there are specific maintaining processes in EDs:
- low self esteem
- interpersonal issues
- mood intolerance
- clinical perfectionism

24
Q

What are the different approaches to treatment in AN?

A
  • refeeding
  • motivational interviewing
  • behaviour therapy
  • CBT
  • cognitive remediation therapy
  • IPT
  • Maudsley Therapy
  • Medication
25
Q

What is cognitive remediation therapy? (APPROACH IN AN)

A

MENTAL EXERCISES AIMED AT:
- improving cognitive strategies, thinking skills and information processing
- reflection on thinking styles and METACOGNITION
- explore and apply new thinking strategies
NOT FOCUSED ON WEIGHT AND EMOTIONS

26
Q

What is the CBT therapy for AN? (Fairburn, 2008)

A
  • around 20 sessions:
    PHASE 1: therapeutic alliance and refeeding
    PHASE 2: cognitive restructuring
    PHASE 3: relapse prevention

Abnormal 3018 (9 decks)

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