Personality disorders Flashcards
What do cluster b PD consist of? And how are they characterised?
Antisocial Narcissistic Borderline Histrionic Defined by dramatic, emotional or erratic traits and behaviours
What PDs consist of cluster a? And how are they characterised?
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Characterised by odd or eccentric behaviours and traits
What do cluster c consist of and how are they defined?
Avoidant
Dependent
Ocd
Defined in terms of anxious and fearful traits and behaviours
What are PDs of Cluster A? How are they defined/characterised?
- schizotypal
- paranoid
- schizoid
Characterized by odd or eccentric behaviours, typified by high levels of introversion
Describe characteristics of schizotypal
- pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by ACUTE DISCOMFORT with close r/s as well as COGNITIVE OR PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS and eccentricities of behaviour
- begins in early adulthood and 5 or more:
1. ideas of reference (not delusions of reference)
2. odd beliefs or magical thinking, inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g. telepathy, 6 sense)
3. unusual perceptual experiences e.g. bodily illusions
4. odd thinking and speech
5. suspiciousness or paranoid ideation
6. inappropriate or constricted affect
7. behaviour is odd
8. lack of close friends or confidants
9. excessive SOCIAL ANXIETY - not with schizphrenia, BPD, depression, autism
Describe characteristics of paranoid personality disorder
- pervasive DISTRUST AND SUSPICIOUSNESS of others (interpreted as malevolent), beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts (4 or more):
1. suspects exploitation/harm
2. preoccupied with unjustified doubts of loyalty
3. reluctancy to confide (fearing it will be used maliciously)
4. reads hidden meanings
5. bears grudges
6. perceives attack on his or her character
7. recurrent suspicious regarding FIDELITY - does not occur exclusively during schizophrenia, a BPD,
Describe characteristics of schizoid personality disorder pd
- pervasive DETACHMENT FROM SOCIAL R/S, restrictive range of expression of emotions, 4 or moreL
1. doesnt want/enjoy close r/s
2. choses solitary activities
3. little or no interest in sexual activities
4. doesnt have pleasure in many activities
5. lacks close friends
6. indifferent to others remarks
7. shows coldness/detachment - doesnt occur during schizphrenia, BPD, depresison or AUTISM
What are Cluster B PDS? How are they defined/characterised?
- narcissistic
- histrionic
- borderline
- antisocial
Characterised by dramatic, acting out or flamboyant behaviour
Describe characteristics of narcissistic PD
A. Pervasive pattern of GRANDIOSITY, need for ADMIRATION and lack of EMPATHY, 5 or more:
- grandiose sense of SELF-IMPORTANCE
- preoccupied with unlimited success, power etc
- believes he or she is “special”
- requires excessive ADMIRATION
- sense of ENTITLEMENT
- lacks empathy
- envious of others or believes they are of him/her
- ARROGANT haughty behaviours
Describe characteristics of histrionic PD
A. Pervasive pattern of EXCESSIVE EMOTIONALITY & ATTENTION SEEKING (early adulthood), 5 or more:
- uncomfortable when he or she is not CENTRE OR ATTENTION
- interaction characterised by inappropriate SEXUALLY SEDUCTIVE or provocative behaviour
- rapidly SHIFTING expression of emotions
- PHYSICAL APPEARANCE used to draw attention
- style of speech excessively IMPRESSIONISTIC, lacking detail
- shows SELF- DRAMATIZATION, theatricality
- is SUGGESTIBLE (easily influenced by others)
- considers r/s more INTIMATE than they are
Describe characteristics of borderline PD
a. pervasive pattern of instability of INTERPERSONAL R/S, SELF-IMAGE AND AFFECTS, AND MARKED IMPULSIVITY, beginning by early adulthood, 5 or more of:
1. efforts to avoid real or imagined ABANDONMENT
2. pattern of UNSTABLE INTERPERSONAL r/s (char. by idealisation and devaluation)
3. IDENTITY disturbance (unstable sense of self)
4. IMPULSIVITY in atleast 2 areas e.g. spending, sex, substance use
5. recurrent SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR, threats etc.
6. affective instability due to marked reactivity of mood
7. chronic feelings of EMPTINESS
8. anger dysregulation
9. transient, stress-related paranoid ideation
Describe criteria for antisocial personality disorder
- pervasive DISREGARD FOR AND VIOLATION OF RIGHTS OF OTHERS, occuring since age 15 years, indicated by 3 or more:
1. failure to conform to social norms with respect to LAW
2. deceitfulness e.g. lying, aliases, conning
3. impulsivity (failure to plan ahead)
4. irritability/aggressiveness
5. reckless disregards for safety of self/others
6. consistent irresponsibility (cannot sustain consistent work behaviour)
7. lack of remorse - individual atleast 18 years
- evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15 years
- not during schizophrenia or BPD.
Describe criteria for AVOIDANT PD.
A. Pervasive pattern of SOCIAL INHIBITION, FEELINGS OF INADEQUACY and HYPERSENSITIVITY to negative evaluation, 4 or more:
- avoids OCCUPATIONAL ACTIVITIES for fear of criticism
- unwilling to get INVOLVED with people unless certain will be liked
- shows RESTRAINT IN INTIMATE r/s for fear of being ridiculed
- preoccupied with being CRITICIZED/REJECTED
- INHIBITED in new interpersonal situations bc of inadequacy
- views as socially inept, unappealing or inferior
- reluctant to take PERONSAL RISKS bc may prove embarrassing
Describe criteria for DEPENDENT PD.
A. Pervasive pattern of need to be taken care of leading to SUBMSSIVE AND CLINGING BEHAVIOUR, 5 or more:
- difficulty making EVERYDAY DECISIONS
- needs others to assume RESPONSIBILITY for most major areas of life
- difficulty expressing disagreement with others bc of fear of loss of support
- difficulty INITIATING PROJECTS OR DOING THINGS ON HIS/HER OWN
- goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance/support from others (to point of unpleasant)
- feels UNCOMFORTABLE/ALONE when alone (feels cant take care of themselves)
- urgently seeks another r/s as source of care when another ends
- UNREALISTICALLY PREOCCUPIED with fears of being left to take care alone
Describe criteria for Obsessive Compulsive PD.
A. Pervasive patterns of preoccupation with PERFECTIONISM, ORDERLINESS, MENTAL AND INTERPERSONAL CONTROL at expense of FLEXIBILITY, OPENNESS & EFFICIENCY, 4 or more:
- preoccupied with DETAILS, RULES, ORDER so that major point is LOST
- shows PERFECTIONISM interfering with TASK COMPLETION
- excessively devoted to WORK
- OVERCONSCIENTIOUS about matters of morality, or values
- unable to discard worn out objects
- reluctant to DELEGATE
- adopts miserly spending style (money viewed as something to hoard for future catastrophes)
- shows rigidity and stubborness
