Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
Symptoms of opioid withdrawal include which of the following?
A. nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and fever
B. autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremor, and anxiety
C. irritability, impaired concentration, and increased appetite
D. pupillary dilation, nausea or vomiting, and weight loss
Answer A is correct. Opioid withdrawal produces flu-like symptoms that include nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, and fever.
As described by Marlatt & Gordon (1985), lapses following a period of abstinence are precipitated by which of the following?
A. high-risk situations
B. chronic stress
C. denial
D. lack of impulse control
Answer A is correct. Marlatt and Gordon’s relapse prevention therapy is based on the assumption that lapses following a period of abstinence are precipitated by high-risk situations (e.g., a negative emotional state, interpersonal conflict, social pressure).
Personalized normative feedback (PNF) involves:
A. helping clients distinguish between prescriptive and proscriptive norms for a behavior.
B. helping clients identify how their personal norms for a behavior affect their behavior.
C. having clients compare the frequency of their own behavior to their perceived frequency of members of their peer group.
D. having clients compare the frequency of their own behavior and perceived norm for the behavior to the actual norm for that behavior.
Answer D is correct. Use of PNF involves providing clients with information that allows them to compare the frequency of their own behavior and their perceived frequency for a typical person in their peer group to the actual average frequency for people in their peer group.
Practitioners of which of the following interventions work with a family member of a person with a substance use disorder because the person with the disorder refuses to enter treatment?
A. CRA
B. CRAFT
C. VBRT
D. FFT
Answer B is correct. CRAFT is the acronym for community reinforcement and family training which was developed for individuals with a substance use disorder who are unwilling to enter treatment: Rather than working with the person who has the disorder, CRAFT therapists work with a concerned significant other (CSO) who is a family member or close friend. CRA (answer A) is the community reinforcement approach and VBRT (answer C) is voucher-based reinforcement therapy, both of which involve working directly with the person who has the substance use disorder. FFT (answer D) is functional family therapy, which is an intervention for families that include a child 11 to 18 years old who has an externalizing behavior disorder and/or substance use problem or is at high risk for delinquency.
A cigarette smoker decides to quit “cold turkey.” Her withdrawal symptoms will most likely include which of the following?
A. autonomic hyperactivity, psychomotor agitation, and insomnia
B. lower blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmias, and confusion
C. irritability, impaired concentration, and insomnia
D. insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, and psychomotor retardation
Answer C is correct. The DSM-5 identifies the following as characteristic symptoms of tobacco withdrawal: irritability, anger or anxiety, impaired concentration, increased appetite, restlessness, depressed mood, insomnia.
The amnestic-confabulatory type of alcohol-induced major neurocognitive disorder has been linked to a:
A. higher-than-normal cortisol level.
B. niacin deficiency.
C. blood dyscrasia.
D. thiamine deficiency.
Answer D is correct. The amnestic-confabulatory type of alcohol-induced major neurocognitive disorder is also known as Korsakoff syndrome and has been linked to a thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.
Whittaker et al.’s (2019) meta-analysis of research evaluating the effectiveness of text messaging as an intervention for smoking cessation found that, in terms of quit rates, text messaging alone was:
A. significantly more effective than other smoking cessation interventions alone (e.g., brief smoking cessation counseling).
B. about the same in terms of effectiveness as other smoking cessation interventions alone (e.g., brief smoking cessation counseling).
C. significantly less effective than other smoking cessation interventions alone (e.g., brief smoking cessation counseling).
D. significantly less effective than both minimal smoking cessation support alone (e.g., general health advice provided by a clinician) and other smoking cessation interventions alone (e.g., brief smoking cessation counseling).
Answer B is correct. Whittaker et al.’s meta-analysis of the research found evidence that (a) text message smoking cessation interventions alone produced higher quit rates than did minimal smoking cessation support (e.g., general health advice provided by a clinician); (b) text messaging alone and other smoking cessation interventions alone (e.g., brief smoking cessation counseling, internet-based interactive smoking cessation program) produced similar quit rates; and (c) text messaging plus other smoking cessation interventions produced higher quit rates than did the other interventions alone.
