Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Study mode Flashcards
The treatment-of-choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is which of the following?
A. systematic desensitization
B. exposure and applied relaxation
C. exposure and response prevention
D. covert desensitization
Answer C is correct. Exposure and response prevention is the treatment-of-choice for OCD and is an important component of treatment for other anxiety disorders as well.
A DSM-5-TR diagnosis of separation anxiety requires a duration of symptoms of at least __________ for children and adolescents and __________ for adults.
A. 2 weeks; one month
B. 4 weeks; three months
C. 4 weeks; six months
D. 6 weeks; four months
Answer C is correct. For this diagnosis, the DSM-5-TR requires symptoms to have a duration of at least four weeks for children and adolescents or six months for adults.
Data from the Global Burden of Disease study indicate that which of the following is the most common mental disorder worldwide?
A. anxiety disorders
B. alcohol use disorder
C. schizophrenia
D. depression
Answer A is correct. The Global Burden of Disease study found that anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders worldwide followed by, in order, depression, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder (excluding alcohol), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and eating disorders (Dattani, Ritchie, & Roser, 2021). Also, of the anxiety disorders, specific phobia is most common in both Western and non-Western countries [T. Michael, U. Zetsche, and J. Margraf, Epidemiology of anxiety disorders, Psychiatry, 6(4), 126-142, 2007].
Interoceptive exposure involves:
A. exposing the individual to bodily sensations associated with a panic attack.
B. exposing the individual in virtual reality to stimuli that elicit a panic attack.
C. having the individual use applied relaxation during exposure to stimuli that elicit a panic attack.
D. having the individual use applied tension during exposure to stimuli that elicit a panic attack.
Answer A is correct. Interoceptive exposure is often a component of cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder. It involves deliberately exposing the person to the physical symptoms associated with panic attacks by, for example, having him/her run in place, spin in a circle, or breathe through a straw.
The most common comorbid psychiatric disorder for obsessive-compulsive disorder is:
A. a depressive or bipolar disorder.
B. an anxiety disorder.
C. a substance use disorder.
D. an impulse control disorder.
Answer B is correct. Psychiatric comorbidity is common for individuals who have received a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, with an anxiety disorder being most common.
Research comparing the effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) and face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as a treatment for adults with social anxiety disorder has found that:
A. guided iCBT is significantly more effective than face-to-face CBT in terms of symptom reduction.
B. face-to-face CBT is significantly more effective than iCBT in terms of symptom reduction.
C. guided iCBT and face-to-face CBT are essentially equivalent in terms of symptom reduction.
D. guided iCBT and face-to-face CBT are essentially equivalent in terms of symptom reduction only for adults with mild symptoms.
Answer C is correct. Studies have found iCBT and face-to-face CBT to be equivalent in terms of symptom reduction, and there is no evidence that this is true only when symptoms are mild. (Guided iCBT involves having an online therapist provide support, clarify information, and monitor the client’s progress.)
Bill has just received a diagnosis of specific phobia, blood-injection-injury type. The most effective treatment for Bill is likely to be exposure and response prevention and:
A. a beta-blocker.
B. an anxiolytic.
C. applied relaxation.
D. applied tension.
Answer D is correct. Exposure and response prevention is the treatment-of-choice for specific phobia. Because people with the blood-injection-injury type tend to faint when confronted with a feared stimulus, applied tension is used during exposure to increase blood pressure and reduce the likelihood of fainting.
The DSM-5 diagnosis of agoraphobia requires:
A. a duration of symptoms for at least 12 months.
B. a history of at least one expected or unexpected panic attack.
C. marked fear or anxiety in at least two different situations.
D. a fear of being negatively evaluated.
Answer C is correct. The DSM-5 diagnosis of agoraphobia requires the presence of marked fear or anxiety in at least two of five situations for at least six months: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed spaces, standing in line or being in a crowd, and being outside the home alone. The person must avoid these situations because of fear that escape might be difficult or help might not be available if embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms develop.
As described in the DSM-5-TR, the symptoms of a panic attack include all of the following except:
A. exaggerated startle reaction.
B. heart palpitations or an accelerated heart rate.
C. derealization or depersonalization.
D. fear of losing control.
Answer A is correct. An exaggerated startle reaction is not listed in the DSM-5-TR as a symptom of panic attacks and, instead, is a characteristic symptom of PTSD. The symptoms listed in answers B, C, and D are characteristic of a panic attack.
Which of the following would be most helpful for confirming that the correct DSM-5-TR diagnosis for a client is agoraphobia?
A. The client’s anxiety occurs in situations that remind him of the traumatic event that preceded the onset of his symptoms.
B. The client’s anxiety occurs only in unfamiliar situations or with unfamiliar people.
C. The client’s anxiety is related to a fear of being negatively evaluated by others.
D. The client’s anxiety is related to a fear of being unable to get help if he develops panic-like symptoms.
Answer D is correct. For the DSM-5-TR diagnosis of agoraphobia, the person must fear or avoid situations due to concern that escape will be difficult or that help will be unavailable if he/she develops panic symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms.
