Substance of Abuse Flashcards
Other names for Ethanol
Grain alcohol
Spiritus vini rectificatus
Neutral spirit
Most widely abused recreational substance
Ethanol
Responsible for major medical and socioeconomic problems
Ethanol
Alcohol content of Beer
4-5%
Alcohol content of Wine
10-14%
Alcohol content of Distilled spirits
30-50%
Metabolites of Alcohol
Acetaldehyde, Acetic Acid
S/S of Alcohol Poisoning
CNS depression, Acid-base Imbalance,
Metabolic Acidosis, Impaired Thermal Regulation
Hypoglycemia, Coma, Tachycardia
Treatment of Acute Alcohol Toxicity
Supportive Care
Fluids and Electrolytes
Vit B1 (Thiamine)
Treatment of Chronic Alcohol Poisoning
Disulfiram - Aldehyde dehydrogenase Inh
Naltrexone, Acamprosate - Reduce cravings and Inc. Abstinence rate
Behavioral Therapy
Active Ingredient of Tobacco
Nicotine
Lethal dose of Nicotine
Adult: 40-60mg
Child: 1.5 - 2 mg/kg
Treatment of Nicotine Toxicity
Activated Charcoal
Gastric Lavage
Mecamylamine (Inversine®)
From Papaver Somniferum (opium poppy)
Opioids
Natural Opioids
Opium, Morphine
Semi-synthetic Opioid
Heroin (Diacetylmrphine)
Codeine (Methylmorphine)