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Toxicology > Household and Industrial Toxicology > Flashcards

Household and Industrial Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Wood Alcohol

A

Methanol

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2
Q

Uses of Methanol

A

Solvent
Denaturant
Paint remover

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3
Q

Metabolites of Methanol

A

Formaldehyde
Formic Acid

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4
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Methanol Poisoning

A

Ocular Toxicity
CNS Depression
Seizure
Metabolic Acidosis

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5
Q

Antidote for Methanol Poisoning

A

Ethanol IV
Fomepizole - Competes with Alc. dehydrogenase
NaHCO3 - Systemic Circulation

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6
Q

Methanal, Formalin (37% - 40%)

A

Formaldehyde

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7
Q

Use of Formaldehyde

A

Embalming Fluid

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8
Q

TF: Formaldehyde has similar presentation to methanol toxicity

A

True

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9
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Formaldehyde Poisoning

A

CNS Depression
Coma
Metabolic Acidosis

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10
Q

Treatment of Formaldehyde Poisoning

A

NH3 + NaHCO3
Supportive Treatment

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11
Q

Use of Ethylene glycol

A

Antifreeze Prep (Coolant)

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12
Q

Metabolites of Ethylene Glycol

A

Glycoaldehyde
Glycolic Acid
Glyoxylic Acid

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13
Q

Toxic Metabolite of Ethylene glycol

A

Oxalic Acid

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14
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

A

Severe Metabolic Acidosis
CNS Depression
Cardiopulmonary Depression
Acute Renal Failure
Seizure (Tx: Diazepam)

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15
Q

Treatment of Ethylene Glycol poisoning

A

Ethanol - competes w/ alcohol dehydrogenase 2. Fomipazole - Inh. alcohol dehydrogenase
Leucorin Formic Acid
Hemodialysis + NaHCO3 - Systemic Alkalizer
Ca gluconate - for Hypocalcemia

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16
Q

Isopropyl Alcohol Uses

A

Antiseptic, Disinfectant

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17
Q

Acetone Uses

A

Ingredient in fingernail polish remover, airplane glue, varnish, & rubber cements

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18
Q

Acetone poisoning S/S

A

CNS Depression
Coma
Resp. Depression

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19
Q

Derived from petroleum distillation

A

Hydrocarbon

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20
Q

Petroleum distillates

A

Kerosene
Gasoline

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21
Q

Effects of Acetone Poisoning

A

Asthma-like syndrome
Wheezing
Generalized Depression
Hypotension
Arrhythmia
N/V
Abdominal Pain

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22
Q

Vomiting during Acetone Poisoning may induce?

A

Pneumonitis and Aspiration

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23
Q

Treatment for Acetone Poisoning

A

Mineral Oil - Increase viscosity
IV Hydration
B2 Agonist
B1-Blockers

24
Q

Benzene poisoning can cause ___ and ___

A

Megaloblastic Anemia and Aplastic Anemia

25
Q

S/S of Benzene Poisoning

A

Dyspnea
CNS Depression - Most important toxidrome of acute exposure
Bone Marrow Injury - Most significant toxic effect

26
Q

Treatment of Benzene Poisoning

A

Mineral Oil

26
Q

Treatment of Benzene Poisoning

A

Mineral Oil
Ventilatory Support
100% O2

27
Q

Poisoning with Bases

A

Liquefaction necrosis

28
Q

Poisoning with Acids

A

Coagulation necrosis

29
Q

Treatment for Acid and Bases Poisoning

A

Dilutional Therapy

30
Q

Phenol aka

A

Carbolic Acid

31
Q

Derivative of Phenol

A

Lysol (Cresol 50%)

32
Q

Use of Phenol

A

Protein Denaturant

33
Q

Treatment of Phenol Poisoning

A

Dermal Exposure: PEG
Inhalational: 100% Humified oxygen
GIT Exposure: Castor Oil, Mineral Oil

34
Q

Non-poisonous form of Phosphorus

A

Red - Matches

35
Q

Poisonous form of Phosphorus

A

Yellow - Fireworks

36
Q

Product of Phosphorus when heated or added with Acid

A

Phosphine gas (Garlic odor)

37
Q

S/S of Phosphorus Toxicity

A

Luminous vomit
Garlic Odor Breath
Loose teeth / Phossy Jaw

38
Q

Treatment of Phosphorus Toxicity

A

CuSO4
Diazepam
Calcium

39
Q

Carbon tetrachloride Use

A

Used in Nonflammable cleaning fluid and fire extinguishers

40
Q

Toxic Metabolites of Carbon Tetrachloride

A

Epoxide, Phosgene
Tricholoromethyl peroxyl radicals

41
Q

Phosgene is used as

A

War weapon
Poison gas
Hepatorenal toxin

42
Q

S/S of CCl4 toxicity

A

Difficulty in breathing
Nausea & Vomiting
Pulmonary Edema
Skin lesions

43
Q

Treatment of CCl4 Poisoning

A

100% Oxygen
Artificial Air
Hyperbaric Oxygen

44
Q

Product of incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuel

A

Carbon Monoxide

45
Q

Colorless, Odorless air pollutant

A

Carbon monoxide

46
Q

MOA of Carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Binds to Hgb resulting to carboxyhemoglobinemia (200x affinity that Hgb)

47
Q

S/S of Carbon Monoxide poisoning

A

Cherry Red Skin
Hypoxia
Rhabdomyolysis

48
Q

Treatment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

A

100% Oxygen
Artificial Air (80% He 20% O2)
Hyperbaric oxygen

49
Q

Cyanogenic glycoside from Prunus spp.

50
Q

Sources of Cyanide

A

Na nitroprusside
Laetrile - synthetic form of amygdalin

51
Q

MOA of Cyanide Poisoning

A

Blocks Cytochrome oxidase

52
Q

DOC for Cyanide Toxicity

A

Hydroxocobalamin

53
Q

Treatment for Cyanide Poisoning

A

NaNO2 (IV)
Amyl Nitrite (Inhalation)
Methylene Blue (Large Dose)
Sodium thiosulfate (IV)
Dicobalt edentate

54
Q

Cyanide Toxicity S/S

A

CNS & CV disturbances
Seizure
Respiratory Depression
Death
Odor of Bitter Almonds
Cherry Red Blood
Diaphoresis

Toxicology (11 decks)

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