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Health Promotion > Substance Abuse - Week 5 > Flashcards

Substance Abuse - Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Risk of developing ETOH overuse in women

A

10%

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2
Q

Risk of developing ETOH overuse in men

A

20%

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3
Q

What number of drinks increase risk for multiple diseases?

A

> 3

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4
Q

How much does someone decrease their lifespan with ETOH abuse?

A

decade of life

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5
Q

What drug is responsible for the most overdoses than any other substance?

A

ETOH

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6
Q

What is too many drinks a day for men?

A

4+

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7
Q

What are too man drinks a day for women?

A

3+

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8
Q

What is too many drinks a week for men?

A

14+

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9
Q

What are too many drinks a week for women?

A

7+

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10
Q

How many underage deaths a year?

A

4300

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11
Q

What causes the feel goodness of ETOH?

A

increase gaba (decrease anxiety. increase muscle relaxation)
increase DA
release beta endorphins
loss of inhibition

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12
Q

What are issues with ETOH abuse?

A 
Impaired decision making
Driving under influence
Reckless behavior
Exposure to STIs
Legal trouble
Work impairment
Work injuries
Impaired relationships / divorce
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13
Q

Disturbed sleep patterns with reduced REM time resulting a lack of restful and restorative sleep

A

blackouts

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14
Q

What are the effects of a hangover?

A

thirst, nausea, vomiting, fatigue

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15
Q

What are the neuro effects of ETOH abuse?

A

peripheral neuropathy
cerebellar atrophy
reduced vitamins –> wernicke’s encephalopathy and korsakoff syndrom
impaired congitive and memory impairment

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16
Q

What are the sxs in wernicke’s

A

opthalmoparesis, ataxia, encephalopathy

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17
Q

What are the sxs in korsakoff’s?

A

anterograde and retrograde amnesia

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18
Q

What are some co existing disorders with ETOH abuse?

A 
Anxiety or panic disorder
Depression
Schizophrenia
Bi-polar disorder
Other substance abuse
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19
Q

What are GI issues in ETOH abuse?

A 
GI bleeding
Mallory-Weiss tears
Boerhaave’s Rupture
Acute pancreatitis
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis of the
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20
Q

What are the CA associated with ETOH?

A

breast, oral, esophageal, rectal

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21
Q

What are the heme issues with ETOH?

A

increase MCV. sideroblastic, thrombocytopenia

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22
Q

What are the cardiac effects of ETOH?

A

HTN, ^ LDL, CHF, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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23
Q

What is the USPSTF screening recommendation for ETOH in adults age 18 and older?

A

B

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24
Q

What is the USPSTF recommendation for screening kids for ETOH?

A

I

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25
What are the screeners for ETOH?
AUDIT-C | CAGE
26
When are opportunities for ETOH intervention?
``` Routine physical examinations D.O.T. physical examinations Pre-college examinations Treatment for alcohol-related disease Evaluation of depression or mental health issue Treatment for alcohol-related injury After DUI arrest Prenatal visits ```
27
1-2 statements Express concern about patient’s drinking Advise they are over recommended limits and recommend stopping.
basic intervention
28
Two appointments separated by 4 weeks to discuss alcohol abuse and ramifications using motivational interviewing Call patient half-way between appointments to reinforce change.
intermediate intervention
29
Perform brief or intermediate intervention + referral for treatment by an addiction specialist
advanced intervention
30
What are drug prices of heroin and oxycontin?
15 and 30
31
What is danger of heroin?
more powerful unsure purity cut with substances
32
What are the opioids?
oxycodone, hydrocodone, heroin morphine, merperidine, fentanyl
33
What are the clinical clues for heroin addict?
``` skin popping tracks disheveled less baths slurred speech pinpoint eyes ```
34
What are the effects of opioid use on society?
Increased cost to health care systems Transmission of disease for drug users, such as HIV and Hepatitis C Rise in crime such as shoplifting, burglary Distress to family members (stealing from family members) Risk to others (accidents)
35
What receptors do opioid influence?
mu, kappa, delta
36
What primary effect causes addiction in opioid?
mu due to mesolimbic reward pathway --> ventral tegmental to nucleus accumbens (dopaaminergic pthwya) dopamine = reward
37
What is the timeline of heroin?
cross BB in 15-20 s half life 30 min duration 4-5 hr
38
What is dope sick and the sxs?
withdrawal from heroin, N/V/D, cramps. HTN, tachycardia, anxiety, irritability, insomnia
39
How do you tx heroin pt?
IMMEDIATE DRUG REHAB
40
Who is the typical cocaine user?
15-35 urban male
41
What drug causes highest rate of ED visits?
cocaine
42
What can cocaine cause?
MI
43
Prepared with sodium bicarbonate Can be smoked - “crack” noise Less commonly injected as it is insoluble in water
cocaine base aka crack or freebase
44
snorted | Melting occurs and destruction of molecule at temps needed to smoke
cocaine salt
45
What is the timeline for the two ways to use cocaine?
smoke - seconds | nose - 20-30 min
46
What are the effects of cocaine?
``` Energy Alertness of mind Sociability Euphoria Decreased appetite and sleep ```
47
What are the psychiatric effects of cocaine?
``` Anxiety Irritability Panic Suspicion Paranoia Delusions Hallucinations ```
48
What are the bad things cocaine can cause?
MI, increase temp, arrhythmias, szs, stroke, crack dancers
49
What happens when combine cocaine and ETOH?
additive effects of both
50
What are the long term effects of cocaine?
``` paranoid hallucinations nasal septum hep C due to nasal respiratory failure LVH, CMP sex dysfunction ```
51
How can you take meth?
snort, smoke, inject, oral
52
What does meth do?
block reuptake of DA, NE, serotonin
53
What is the half life of meth?
9-13 hrs
54
What can meth cause in the brain?
neurotoxicity
55
What are the effects of meth?
``` Increased energy, euphoria, alertness Increased talking, sweating, hypersexuality Bruxism Insomnia Decreased appetitie N/V/D Sympathetic cardiovascular effects ```
56
What are other drugs that are abused?
weed. benzo, tramadol, ketamine, MDMA, ADD/ADHD meds
57
What is the USPSTF screen for kids w/o substance use disorder?
I
58
What is the screening for kids, adults, and preg women for illicit drug use?
I
59
What is the best screen for illicit drug use?
“How many times in the past year have you used an illegal drug or used a prescription medication for non-medical reasons?”
60
Whats the real screener?
DAST 10
61
What are the consequences of bringing up illicit drug use and doing tox screen?
cost. distrust built, disclosure to insurance, refusal of tx

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