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Health Promotion > Substance Abuse - Week 5 > Flashcards

Substance Abuse - Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Risk of developing ETOH overuse in women

A

10%

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2
Q

Risk of developing ETOH overuse in men

A

20%

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3
Q

What number of drinks increase risk for multiple diseases?

A

> 3

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4
Q

How much does someone decrease their lifespan with ETOH abuse?

A

decade of life

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5
Q

What drug is responsible for the most overdoses than any other substance?

A

ETOH

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6
Q

What is too many drinks a day for men?

A

4+

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7
Q

What are too man drinks a day for women?

A

3+

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8
Q

What is too many drinks a week for men?

A

14+

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9
Q

What are too many drinks a week for women?

A

7+

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10
Q

How many underage deaths a year?

A

4300

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11
Q

What causes the feel goodness of ETOH?

A

increase gaba (decrease anxiety. increase muscle relaxation)
increase DA
release beta endorphins
loss of inhibition

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12
Q

What are issues with ETOH abuse?

A 
Impaired decision making
Driving under influence
Reckless behavior
Exposure to STIs
Legal trouble
Work impairment
Work injuries
Impaired relationships / divorce
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13
Q

Disturbed sleep patterns with reduced REM time resulting a lack of restful and restorative sleep

A

blackouts

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14
Q

What are the effects of a hangover?

A

thirst, nausea, vomiting, fatigue

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15
Q

What are the neuro effects of ETOH abuse?

A

peripheral neuropathy
cerebellar atrophy
reduced vitamins –> wernicke’s encephalopathy and korsakoff syndrom
impaired congitive and memory impairment

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16
Q

What are the sxs in wernicke’s

A

opthalmoparesis, ataxia, encephalopathy

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17
Q

What are the sxs in korsakoff’s?

A

anterograde and retrograde amnesia

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18
Q

What are some co existing disorders with ETOH abuse?

A 
Anxiety or panic disorder
Depression
Schizophrenia
Bi-polar disorder
Other substance abuse
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19
Q

What are GI issues in ETOH abuse?

A 
GI bleeding
Mallory-Weiss tears
Boerhaave’s Rupture
Acute pancreatitis
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis of the
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20
Q

What are the CA associated with ETOH?

A

breast, oral, esophageal, rectal

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21
Q

What are the heme issues with ETOH?

A

increase MCV. sideroblastic, thrombocytopenia

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22
Q

What are the cardiac effects of ETOH?

A

HTN, ^ LDL, CHF, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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23
Q

What is the USPSTF screening recommendation for ETOH in adults age 18 and older?

A

B

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24
Q

What is the USPSTF recommendation for screening kids for ETOH?

A

I

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25
Q

What are the screeners for ETOH?

A

AUDIT-C

CAGE

26
Q

When are opportunities for ETOH intervention?

A 
Routine physical examinations
D.O.T. physical examinations
Pre-college examinations
Treatment for alcohol-related disease
Evaluation of depression or mental health issue
Treatment for alcohol-related injury
After DUI arrest
Prenatal visits
27
Q

1-2 statements
Express concern about patient’s drinking
Advise they are over recommended limits and recommend stopping.

A

basic intervention

28
Q

Two appointments separated by 4 weeks to discuss alcohol abuse and ramifications using motivational interviewing
Call patient half-way between appointments to reinforce change.

A

intermediate intervention

29
Q

Perform brief or intermediate intervention + referral for treatment by an addiction specialist

A

advanced intervention

30
Q

What are drug prices of heroin and oxycontin?

A

15 and 30

31
Q

What is danger of heroin?

A

more powerful
unsure purity
cut with substances

32
Q

What are the opioids?

A

oxycodone, hydrocodone, heroin morphine, merperidine, fentanyl

33
Q

What are the clinical clues for heroin addict?

A 
skin popping
tracks
disheveled
less baths
slurred speech
pinpoint eyes
34
Q

What are the effects of opioid use on society?

A

Increased cost to health care systems
Transmission of disease for drug users, such as HIV and Hepatitis C
Rise in crime such as shoplifting, burglary
Distress to family members (stealing from family members)
Risk to others (accidents)

35
Q

What receptors do opioid influence?

A

mu, kappa, delta

36
Q

What primary effect causes addiction in opioid?

A

mu due to mesolimbic reward pathway –> ventral tegmental to nucleus accumbens (dopaaminergic pthwya)
dopamine = reward

37
Q

What is the timeline of heroin?

A

cross BB in 15-20 s
half life 30 min
duration 4-5 hr

38
Q

What is dope sick and the sxs?

A

withdrawal from heroin, N/V/D, cramps. HTN, tachycardia, anxiety, irritability, insomnia

39
Q

How do you tx heroin pt?

A

IMMEDIATE DRUG REHAB

40
Q

Who is the typical cocaine user?

A

15-35 urban male

41
Q

What drug causes highest rate of ED visits?

A

cocaine

42
Q

What can cocaine cause?

A

MI

43
Q

Prepared with sodium bicarbonate
Can be smoked - “crack” noise
Less commonly injected as it is insoluble in water

A

cocaine base aka crack or freebase

44
Q

snorted

Melting occurs and destruction of molecule at temps needed to smoke

A

cocaine salt

45
Q

What is the timeline for the two ways to use cocaine?

A

smoke - seconds

nose - 20-30 min

46
Q

What are the effects of cocaine?

A 
Energy
Alertness of mind
Sociability
Euphoria
Decreased appetite and sleep
47
Q

What are the psychiatric effects of cocaine?

A 
Anxiety
Irritability
Panic
Suspicion
Paranoia
Delusions
Hallucinations
48
Q

What are the bad things cocaine can cause?

A

MI, increase temp, arrhythmias, szs, stroke, crack dancers

49
Q

What happens when combine cocaine and ETOH?

A

additive effects of both

50
Q

What are the long term effects of cocaine?

A 
paranoid hallucinations
nasal septum
hep C due to nasal
respiratory failure
LVH, CMP
sex dysfunction
51
Q

How can you take meth?

A

snort, smoke, inject, oral

52
Q

What does meth do?

A

block reuptake of DA, NE, serotonin

53
Q

What is the half life of meth?

A

9-13 hrs

54
Q

What can meth cause in the brain?

A

neurotoxicity

55
Q

What are the effects of meth?

A 
Increased energy, euphoria, alertness
Increased talking, sweating, hypersexuality
Bruxism
Insomnia
Decreased appetitie
N/V/D
Sympathetic cardiovascular effects
56
Q

What are other drugs that are abused?

A

weed. benzo, tramadol, ketamine, MDMA, ADD/ADHD meds

57
Q

What is the USPSTF screen for kids w/o substance use disorder?

A

I

58
Q

What is the screening for kids, adults, and preg women for illicit drug use?

A

I

59
Q

What is the best screen for illicit drug use?

A

“How many times in the past year have you used an illegal drug or used a prescription medication for non-medical reasons?”

60
Q

Whats the real screener?

A

DAST 10

61
Q

What are the consequences of bringing up illicit drug use and doing tox screen?

A

cost. distrust built, disclosure to insurance, refusal of tx

Health Promotion (15 decks)

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