Obesity - Week 3

Question 1

How many people in world are obese?

Answer 1

2.1 billion

Question 2

How many obesity deaths?

Answer 2

300k/yr in us

Question 3

What is the cost of obesity?

Answer 3

147 millin

Question 4

Who has the highest rates of obesity?

Answer 4

non hispanic blacks

Question 5

Who has the lowest rates of obesity?

Answer 5

non-hispanic asain

Question 6

How much does obesity increase risk of death from all causes?

Answer 6

50-100%

Question 7

How much can obesity decrease life span?

Answer 7

2-13 yrs

Question 8

What shape confers the highest risk?

Answer 8

apple shape

Question 9

What does adipose tissue secrete?

Answer 9

inflammatory mediators
IL
TNF
resistin
adiponectin
leptin
"adipocytokines"

Question 10

What is apple shape?

Answer 10

android

Question 11

What is pear shape?

Answer 11

gynoid

Question 12

What waist hip ratio give greatest risk?

Answer 12

> .85 women, >.9 men

Question 13

What specific group has the highest rate of being overwt or obese?

Answer 13

AA women

Question 14

What are medications associated with obesity?

Answer 14

atherosclerosis
DM type II
osteoarthritis
gout
obstructive sleep apnea
POS
incontinence
cancer
depression

Question 15

How does atherosclerosis relate to obesity?

Answer 15

low fruit and veggies

red meat raises risk

Question 16

What does higher fiber diet =

Answer 16

reduced risk of atherosclerosis and obesity

Question 17

How much does red meat daily increase morality?

Answer 17

15-20%

Question 18

What amount of DM is linked to obesity?

Answer 18

80%

Question 19

What is the highest risk BMI for DM?

Answer 19

> 35

Question 20

What waist circumference has higher risk of DM?

Answer 20

> 40 men and >35 women

Question 21

What occurs with DM and obesity?

Answer 21

impaired ability of insulin to regulate gluconeogenesis
increase glucose
increase LDL
reduce HDL
Hyperinsulinemia
INFLAMMATION

Question 22

How does obesity relate to osteoarthritis?

Answer 22

increase load –> articular cartilage
loss of skeletal muscles –> articular shock absorption
adipocytokines w/ synovial fluid

Question 23

Is osteoarthritis just wear and tear?

Answer 23

no, also inflammatory

Question 24

What is the most common type of osteoarthritis in obesity?

Answer 24

knee

Question 25

What BMI range accounted for nearly half of 730 cases of gout over 12 yrs?

Answer 25

>25

Question 26

What happens in insulin resistance?

Answer 26

increase urate and decrease excretion

Question 27

How can you improve gout?

Answer 27

wt loss

Question 28

What is the strongest risk factor for OSA?

Answer 28

obesity

Question 29

What are the two things in OSA?

Answer 29

neck and waist ratios

Question 30

10% wt increase =

Answer 30

6x OSA increase

Question 31

What happens in PCOS?

Answer 31

hirsutism, amenorrhea, infertility, polycystic ovaries

Question 32

What % of premenopausal women have PCOS?

Answer 32

6-10%

Question 33

What is a big issue for PCOS?

Answer 33

infertility

Question 34

Do all PCOS pt have obesity?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

What does a 5 point increase in BMI result in?

Answer 35

20-70% increase in incontinence

Question 36

What is the common type of incontinence?

Answer 36

stress incontinence

Question 37

What is incontinence due to?

Answer 37

intra admonial pressure and intravesicle pressure, increase urethral mobility

Question 38

acne inversa results in formation of follicular occlusion, probably induced by occlusion/shear stress and increased insulin like growth factors in high glycemic diets, can be difficult to cure, sometimes surgery is needed

Answer 38

Hidradenitis suppuritiva

Question 39

What causes interigo?

Answer 39

yeast

Question 40

What types of cancers does obesity make it hard to detect?

Answer 40

pelvic and breast

Question 41

How is cancer related to obesity?

Answer 41

Increased estrogen produced by adipose tissue Insulin like growth factor increases = tumor development Adipokines, such as leptin, promotes cell proliferation Inflammation

Question 42

Cancer of endometrial lining of uterus?

Answer 42

endometrial cancer

Question 43

What % of endometrial cancer attributed to wt?

Answer 43

40%

Question 44

What are the risk factors for endometrial cancer?

Answer 44

elevated levels of androgens, estrogen, hyperinsulinema related to obesity and increased adipose tissue

Question 45

What is the relationship with breast cancer and premenopausal obese women?

Answer 45

less cases

Question 46

When does wt gain increase risk of breast cancer?

Answer 46

40

Question 47

How does wt loss after 40 yo affect breast cancer risk?

Answer 47

NO AFFECT

Question 48

What diet is linked to colon cancer?

Answer 48

sugar and low fiber

Question 49

High refined sugar diet → hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance increased levels of free insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)→ results in decrease in apoptosis and increase in cellular growth → cancer development

Answer 49

Yeah

Question 50

What directly stimulates colon cancer?

Answer 50

insulin

Question 51

Who gets colon cancer more?

Answer 51

obese men and premenopausal women

Question 52

What cause RCC with obesity?

Answer 52

hypoxia + hormonal changes + inflammatory changes

Question 53

What cancers are associated with increase meat intake?

Answer 53

prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, esophageal cancer

Question 54

What is the USPST recommendation for adults who are overwt or obese and have CVD risk factors for treatment recommendations?

Answer 54

B

Question 55

USPST recommendation for General adult population without a known diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or cardiovascular disease for diet and exercise

Answer 55

C

Question 56

What is the diet and exercise recommendation from USPST for ALL adults?

Answer 56

B, screen all for obesity BMI>30

Question 57

What is the recommendation for diet and exercise USPST in children 6-18 yo?

Answer 57

B, >6 yo for obesity

Question 58

What is the USPST recommendation for pharmacotherapy inteventions in adults?

Answer 58

IP

Question 59

What are the exercise goals of health people 2020?

Answer 59

Reduce the number of adults who do not engage in leisure-time physical activity Increase number of adolescents and adults who meet federal physical activity guidelines Increase physical education programs in public schools Increase regularly scheduled recess in elementary school Decrease computer/TV/video game screen time to

Question 60

What is the american college of sports medicine recommendation?

Answer 60

150 minutes of exercise per week can be broken into 3-5 days Incorporate resistance training into regimen Flexibility training 2-3 days per week Neuromotor exercises 2-3 days per week that focus on balance or agility, such as tai chi or yoga