Substance Abuse Disorders

Question 1

which drug of abuse has the highest risk of addiction?

Answer 1

tobacco

Question 2

classical conditioning

Answer 2

subject responds in a certain way to a neutral stimulus after it is paired with another stimulus that induces said response

Question 3

operant conditioning

Answer 3

modification of behavior through punishment or reinforcement

Question 4

punishment is meant to ___ behaviors

reinforcement is meant to ___ behaviors

Answer 4

decrease; increase

Question 5

Examples of positive and negative reinforcement

Answer 5

positive- give reward

negative- remove punishment

Question 6

examples of positive and negative punishment

Answer 6

positive- give punishment

negative- remove reward

Question 7

what is the reward pathway

Answer 7

VTA –> nucleus accumbens –> prefrontal cortex

Question 8

addiction refers to:

Answer 8

set of behaviors required to maintain use

Question 9

substance abuse screening for adult

Answer 9

CAGE

Question 10

substance abuse screening for teen

Answer 10

Car intoxicated, relax, alone, forget, family worry, trouble

Question 11

5 stages of change

Answer 11

precontemplation- not aware of problem
contemplation- aware, not ready to change
preparation- preparing to change
action- changing 
maintenance - preventing relapse

Question 12

MOA of ethanol

Answer 12

increases GABA

Question 13

first symptom of ethanol withdrawal

Answer 13

tremors of hands

Question 14

4 main signs of cannabis intoxication

Answer 14

conjunctival injection, tachycardia, increased appetite, dry mouth

Question 15

development of psychosis with regular marijuana use indicates-

Answer 15

increased risk of developing schizophrenia in the future

Question 16

MOA of cocaine

Answer 16

blocks reuptake via DAT, increases NE and DA

Question 17

3 characteristic symptoms of cocaine intoxication

Answer 17

tactile hallucinations, seizures, chest pain

Question 18

MOA of amphetamines

Answer 18

false substrate for DAT, is taken into cells, works on VMAT to cause release of DA

Question 19

3 unique effects of MDMA intoxication

Answer 19

empathy, jaw clenching, hyperthermia

Question 20

2 characteristic features of opiate intoxication

Answer 20

respiratory depression, miosis

Question 21

4 unique features of opiate w/d

Answer 21

piloerection, yawning, rhinorrhea, lacrimation

Question 22

when is the peak of opiate withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 22

48 hours

Question 23

4 effects of LSD intoxication

Answer 23

visual/auditory distortions, synesthesias, psychosis and flashbacks

Question 24

effect of LSD withdrawal

Answer 24

none

Question 25

unique effect of caffeine intoxication

Answer 25

diuresis

Question 26

MOA of PCP

Answer 26

NMDA receptor antagonist

Question 27

2 unique features of PCP intoxication

Answer 27

nystagmus, hyperacusis

Question 28

inhalant intoxication is similar to:

Answer 28

alcohol intoxication

Question 29

substances/ withdrawal that can cause seizures

Answer 29

cocaine intoxication ethanol w/d benzo w/d meperidine

Question 30

2 common symptoms of stimulant withdrawal

Answer 30

increased appetite | hypersomnolence