Substance Abuse/Dependence Flashcards
What is the moral view of addiction?
-idea that addicts are weak
-addict chose to yield to temptation
-the person is consciously self-destructing
What is the medical (disease) view of addiction?
-addiction is aided by a genetic predisposition and social learning
-a person’s brain has been biologically hijacked
-addict needs treatments to get their will back
What is the difference between “use” and “abuse” in context of sociocultural norms?
-“use” is the act of ingesting a drug in accordance with sociocultural norms
-“abuse” is the act of taking a drug out of sociocultural norms causing personal and social issues
Define substance intoxication
-ingestion leading to reversible impairment
Define substance abuse
-harmful pattern of use such as bingeing
Define substance dependence
-habitual abuse and development of cravings & tolerance
-need increasing amounts for desired effects
What are the risk factors for ETOH dependence?
-males are 4x likelier to develop it
-drinking before age of 15 is a higher risk vs drinking at age 20
What is Level of Response (LR)?
-the level needed to feel the effects of ETOH
-high ETOH= less alcohol intake= less ETOH dependence
-low ETOH= more alcohol intake= more ETOH dependence
Which groups have a predisposition to ETOH dependence?
-1/2 of drinks have a family history of ETOH abuse/dependence
-Native Americans, Alaskan Natives, and Mexican Hispanics have the highest rates of ETOH abuse/dependency
What are the ETOH withdrawal symptoms and how are they managed?
-violent shakes
-alcoholic seizures
-hallucinations
-delirium
-it can be managed at a hospital or ETOH detox facility
What are some contributors to current U.S. opioid crisis?
-drug-company campaigns saying the drugs are safe and not addictive
-physicians who aren’t adequately trained in pain management
What are some current strategies in treatment opioid-related disorders?
-training physicians better on pain management
-prescribe low-potency opioids
-learn rapid response opiate OD training
-developing abuse-deterrent formulations
What is acute treatment?
-inpatient detox facilities
-treats acute withdrawal symptoms
-use physiologically similar meds like benzodiazepines
What is rehabilitation phase?
-outpatient treatment
-outcome/prognosis are guarded
-complicated due to denial by the user
What is the general philosophy and operation of 12-step recovery groups?
-treat co-morbid conditions
-recovery=moral view, model of causation= medical view
-AA is a 12-step group, emphasizing and frank and total admission of one’s drinking problem
What are some trends in addiction treatment?
-detox first
-people have a greater willingness to treat co-morbid mental disorders
-early education and prevention school programs
-PHARMACOLOGICAL: antagonists, maintenance treatments, and abuse-deterrent formulations
What is the general effectiveness of treatment for common addictions?
-modestly successful in preventing abuse and reducing relapse
-aren’t cures
List some general relapse rates for ETOH and drug treatment programs
-Heroin has the greatest relapse rate
-Alcohol is the second highest relapse rate
-Smoking is the lowest relapse rate
What is the rational behind Abuse-Deterrent Formulations (ADF)?
-Makes it more difficult to abuse chemically speaking
-It involves a drug and its counter balance drug
