Substance Abuse/Dependence

Question 1

What is the moral view of addiction?

Answer 1

-idea that addicts are weak
-addict chose to yield to temptation
-the person is consciously self-destructing

Question 2

What is the medical (disease) view of addiction?

Answer 2

-addiction is aided by a genetic predisposition and social learning
-a person’s brain has been biologically hijacked
-addict needs treatments to get their will back

Question 3

What is the difference between “use” and “abuse” in context of sociocultural norms?

Answer 3

-“use” is the act of ingesting a drug in accordance with sociocultural norms
-“abuse” is the act of taking a drug out of sociocultural norms causing personal and social issues

Question 4

Define substance intoxication

Answer 4

-ingestion leading to reversible impairment

Question 5

Define substance abuse

Answer 5

-harmful pattern of use such as bingeing

Question 6

Define substance dependence

Answer 6

-habitual abuse and development of cravings & tolerance
-need increasing amounts for desired effects

Question 7

What are the risk factors for ETOH dependence?

Answer 7

-males are 4x likelier to develop it
-drinking before age of 15 is a higher risk vs drinking at age 20

Question 8

What is Level of Response (LR)?

Answer 8

-the level needed to feel the effects of ETOH
-high ETOH= less alcohol intake= less ETOH dependence
-low ETOH= more alcohol intake= more ETOH dependence

Question 9

Which groups have a predisposition to ETOH dependence?

Answer 9

-1/2 of drinks have a family history of ETOH abuse/dependence
-Native Americans, Alaskan Natives, and Mexican Hispanics have the highest rates of ETOH abuse/dependency

Question 10

What are the ETOH withdrawal symptoms and how are they managed?

Answer 10

-violent shakes
-alcoholic seizures
-hallucinations
-delirium
-it can be managed at a hospital or ETOH detox facility

Question 11

What are some contributors to current U.S. opioid crisis?

Answer 11

-drug-company campaigns saying the drugs are safe and not addictive
-physicians who aren’t adequately trained in pain management

Question 12

What are some current strategies in treatment opioid-related disorders?

Answer 12

-training physicians better on pain management
-prescribe low-potency opioids
-learn rapid response opiate OD training
-developing abuse-deterrent formulations

Question 13

What is acute treatment?

Answer 13

-inpatient detox facilities
-treats acute withdrawal symptoms
-use physiologically similar meds like benzodiazepines

Question 14

What is rehabilitation phase?

Answer 14

-outpatient treatment
-outcome/prognosis are guarded
-complicated due to denial by the user

Question 16

What is the general philosophy and operation of 12-step recovery groups?

Answer 16

-treat co-morbid conditions
-recovery=moral view, model of causation= medical view
-AA is a 12-step group, emphasizing and frank and total admission of one’s drinking problem

Question 17

What are some trends in addiction treatment?

Answer 17

-detox first
-people have a greater willingness to treat co-morbid mental disorders
-early education and prevention school programs
-PHARMACOLOGICAL: antagonists, maintenance treatments, and abuse-deterrent formulations

Question 18

What is the general effectiveness of treatment for common addictions?

Answer 18

-modestly successful in preventing abuse and reducing relapse
-aren’t cures

Question 19

List some general relapse rates for ETOH and drug treatment programs

Answer 19

-Heroin has the greatest relapse rate
-Alcohol is the second highest relapse rate
-Smoking is the lowest relapse rate

Question 20

What is the rational behind Abuse-Deterrent Formulations (ADF)?

Answer 20

-Makes it more difficult to abuse chemically speaking
-It involves a drug and its counter balance drug