Substance abuse, Addictive, Impulse-Control Disorders Flashcards
Substance dependence/addiction
- at least two symptoms in last year that interfered with life
- defined by tolerance, withdrawal, also sometimes seeking drug
depressants
behavioral sedation (reduced arousal/stimulation)
ex: alc, sedative, anxiolytic drugs
stimulants
increased alertness and elevate mood
most commonly used drug in us
ex: amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine
opiates
produce euphoria and analgesia
ex: heroine, weed, and LSD
analgesia
blocks pain
hallucinogens
- alter sensory perception; can also produce delusions and paranoia
- tolerance builds quickly but can be reset with brief abstinence
ex: weed, LSD
other drugs of abuse
inhalants, anabolic steroids, medications
alcohol related disorders:
1. what kind of substance
2. influence what system
3. target what
4. pathway
- central nervous system depressant
- influence neurotransmitter systems
- target GABA (increase inhibitory effects; cells worse at firing)
- ingestion, stomach, small intestine, heart, liver
alcohol withdrawal
hallucinations and tremors
alcohol long term use
may lead to forms of dementia
Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder
cerebellum affected
Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder
confusion, lack of coordination, impaired speech
sedative
calming
hypnotic
sleep inducing
anxiolytic
anxiety reducing (ex: benzodiazepines)
effects of amphetamine (stimulant)
produce elations, vigor, reduce fatigue followed by extreme fatigue and depression
amphetamines stimulate CNS by
enhancing release of norepinephrine and dopamine
reuptake is subsequently blocked
esctasy (MDMA)
stimulant
amphetamine effects without crash
crystal meth
stimulant
- purified form of amphetamine
- extreme risk of dependence (causes high levels dopamine leading to euphoria)
-> pretty quick
cocaine
- type of substance
- effects
- withdrawal characteristics
stimulant
- short-lived sensations of elation, vigor, reduced fatigue
- effects result in blocking reuptake of dopamine
- highly addictive but develops slowly
- withdrawal characterized by apathy and boredom –> leads to desire to use again
cycle through withdrawal and tolerance
nicotine
- stimulates what part of cns
- withdrawal effects
stimulant
- stimulates nicotine acetylcholine receptors in cns
- highly addictive
- relapse rates equal to alc and heroin
- constant dose to maintain steady state
- help improve short term mood
- depression more common in those with nic dependence
- insomnia, increased appetite, restlessness, trouble concentrating
caffeine
- effects
- physical symptoms of intoxication
stimulant
- small doses elevate mood and reduce fatigue
- antagonizes (blocks) receptors or neurotransmitter adenosine
- restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, Gastrointestinal disturbances (heartburn, diarrhea, nausea, etc.), rambling, motor agitation
opiates vs. opiods
opiates: extracted or refined from natural plant matter
- Opium
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Heroin
opioids: most made in lab or synthesized
- vicodin
- Oxycodone
- Dextromethorphan (NyQuil, Vicks, Theraflu)
narcotic
sleep-inducing or numbness-inducing
opioids
- effects
activate body’s enkepahlins and endorphins
- low doses cause euphoria, drowsiness, slowed breathing
- high risk of hiv infection bc of shared needles
