Substance abuse, Addictive, Impulse-Control Disorders

Question 1

Substance dependence/addiction

Answer 1

• at least two symptoms in last year that interfered with life
• defined by tolerance, withdrawal, also sometimes seeking drug

Question 2

depressants

Answer 2

behavioral sedation (reduced arousal/stimulation)

ex: alc, sedative, anxiolytic drugs

Question 3

stimulants

Answer 3

increased alertness and elevate mood

most commonly used drug in us

ex: amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine

Question 4

opiates

Answer 4

produce euphoria and analgesia

ex: heroine, weed, and LSD

Question 5

analgesia

Answer 5

blocks pain

Question 6

hallucinogens

Answer 6

• alter sensory perception; can also produce delusions and paranoia
• tolerance builds quickly but can be reset with brief abstinence

ex: weed, LSD

Question 7

other drugs of abuse

Answer 7

inhalants, anabolic steroids, medications

Question 8

alcohol related disorders:
1. what kind of substance
2. influence what system
3. target what
4. pathway

Answer 8

1. central nervous system depressant
2. influence neurotransmitter systems
3. target GABA (increase inhibitory effects; cells worse at firing)
4. ingestion, stomach, small intestine, heart, liver

Question 9

alcohol withdrawal

Answer 9

hallucinations and tremors

Question 10

alcohol long term use

Answer 10

may lead to forms of dementia

Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder

cerebellum affected

Question 11

Wernicke-Korsakoff disorder

Answer 11

confusion, lack of coordination, impaired speech

Question 12

sedative

Answer 12

calming

Question 13

hypnotic

Answer 13

sleep inducing

Question 14

anxiolytic

Answer 14

anxiety reducing (ex: benzodiazepines)

Question 15

effects of amphetamine (stimulant)

Answer 15

produce elations, vigor, reduce fatigue followed by extreme fatigue and depression

Question 16

amphetamines stimulate CNS by

Answer 16

enhancing release of norepinephrine and dopamine

reuptake is subsequently blocked

Question 17

esctasy (MDMA)

Answer 17

stimulant

amphetamine effects without crash

Question 18

crystal meth

Answer 18

stimulant

• purified form of amphetamine
• extreme risk of dependence (causes high levels dopamine leading to euphoria)
  -> pretty quick

Question 19

cocaine

• type of substance
• effects
• withdrawal characteristics

Answer 19

stimulant

• short-lived sensations of elation, vigor, reduced fatigue
• effects result in blocking reuptake of dopamine
• highly addictive but develops slowly
• withdrawal characterized by apathy and boredom –> leads to desire to use again

cycle through withdrawal and tolerance

Question 20

nicotine

• stimulates what part of cns
• withdrawal effects

Answer 20

stimulant

• stimulates nicotine acetylcholine receptors in cns
• highly addictive
• relapse rates equal to alc and heroin
• constant dose to maintain steady state
• help improve short term mood
• depression more common in those with nic dependence
• insomnia, increased appetite, restlessness, trouble concentrating

Question 21

caffeine

• effects
• physical symptoms of intoxication

Answer 21

stimulant

• small doses elevate mood and reduce fatigue
• antagonizes (blocks) receptors or neurotransmitter adenosine
• restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, Gastrointestinal disturbances (heartburn, diarrhea, nausea, etc.), rambling, motor agitation

Question 22

opiates vs. opiods

Answer 22

opiates: extracted or refined from natural plant matter
- Opium
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Heroin

opioids: most made in lab or synthesized
- vicodin
- Oxycodone
- Dextromethorphan (NyQuil, Vicks, Theraflu)

Question 23

narcotic

Answer 23

sleep-inducing or numbness-inducing

Question 24

opioids

• effects

Answer 24

activate body’s enkepahlins and endorphins

• low doses cause euphoria, drowsiness, slowed breathing
• high risk of hiv infection bc of shared needles

Question 25

anabolic-androgenic steroids

Answer 25

• derived/synthesized from testosterone
• used to increase body mass
• no high but abused bc of wanting bigger muscle mass
• may cause mood disturbances
• heart gets bigger bc so much more tissue needs to be processed
• liver gets bigger bc thats where steroids need to get processed

Question 26

agonist substitution

Answer 26

Safe drug with a similar chemical composition as the abused drug

ex: methadone, nic gum

Question 27

antagonist treatment

Answer 27

Drugs that block or counteract the positive
effects of substances

ex: naltrexone for opiate or alc problems

Question 28

aversive treatment

Answer 28

Drugs that make use of substances extremely unpleasant

ex: silver nitrate