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psychopathology > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

positive symptoms

A

changes in behaviors/thoughts that were added after onset of schizophrenia

delusions, hallucinations, movement disorders (e.g., tics)

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2
Q

onset and prevalence worldwide

A

0.2%-1.5%

often develops in early adulthood

can emerge at any time

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3
Q

prodromal phase

A
  • 85% patients experience

1-2 yrs before serious symptoms

less severe symptoms:
- magical thinking
- illusions
- isolation
- lack of interest
-

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4
Q

delusions

A

inability to maintain cognitive control

ex: somatic concern (theres ants in my blood)

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5
Q

hallucinations

A

experience of sensory events without environmental input

most common: auditory

Broca’s area activates during auditory hallucinations

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6
Q

Stroke in Wernicke’s part of brain effects

A
  • tone sounds like language but doesnt make coherent sense
  • ppl themselves usually think make sense
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7
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A
  • really hard to produce speech
  • physically unable to produce sounds
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8
Q

Brocas vs Wernicke’s area

A

Broca - speech production

Wernicke- hearing/speech comprehension

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9
Q

Negative symptoms

A

lessening or absence of normal behaviors after onset of schizophrenia

ex: avolition, alogia, affective flattening, anhedonia, asociality, catatonia, catalepsy

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10
Q

avolition

A

inability to start on goal-oriented tasks

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11
Q

alogia

A

inability to speak

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12
Q

anhedonia

A

lack of pleasure

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13
Q

asociality

A

lack of interest

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14
Q

catatonia

A

contorting body into a position and it staying rigid at rest

  • lack of response to instructions
  • mimicking others’ speech or movements
  • mutism, stupor, maintaining same pose for hrs
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15
Q

catalepsy

A

waxy flexibility

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16
Q

disorganized symptoms

A

erratic speech or emotions

  • inappropriate affect and disorganized behavior
  • Cognitive slippage
  • Tangentiality
  • Loose associations
17
Q

cognitive slippage

A
  • illogical and incoherency speech
18
Q

tangentiality

A
  • going off on a tangent
19
Q

loose associations

A
  • conversations in unrelated directions (go off on tangents. Like starting to say rhyming words)
20
Q

Positive thought disorder(PTD)

A

speech (and thinking) may be:
○ Tangential
○ Loosening of associations
○ Blocking (stopping in the middle of a sentence)
○ Word salad (saying a lot of words but doesn’t make sense)

21
Q

schizophrenia divided in previous dms

A

divided into subtypes based on content of psychosis (ex: paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated, residual)

22
Q

male vs. female

A

females tend to have better long term prognosis

onset slightly earlier for males

affect both about equally

23
Q

twin studies

A

greater risk if identical twin has schizophrenia

24
Q

dopamine hypothesis

evidence
- for
- against

A

schizophrenia is the effect of too much dopamine

for: drugs that increase dopamine (agonists) result in schizophrenia-like behavior. drugs that decrease dopamine (antagonists) reduce schizophrenic- like behavior

against: many ppl are not helped by dopamine blockers (nonspecific blockers often work better)

25
Q

dopamine blockers can

A

cause parkinsons like symptoms like tremors

  • effects can be permanent
  • tardive dyskinesia
26
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

unable to control lips and tongue and smack

27
Q

behavioral marker

A

smooth pursuit eye movement
- show reduced ability to track moving object with their eyes

28
Q

causes

A

enlarged ventricles and reduced tissue volume

hypofrontality - less active frontal lobes
- one of the major dopamine pathways

29
Q

post mortem morphology

A

cellular disorganization in hippocampus and anterior cingulate

30
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A
  • psychotic symptoms lasting less than 6 months
  • relatively goof functioning
  • most resume normal lives
  • 0.2% prevalence
31
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

Mood disorder placed on top of ppl with schizophrenic symptoms
- Can be depressive or manic
Ppl don’t tend to get better on their own

32
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

Mood disorder placed on top of ppl with schizophrenic symptoms
- Can be depressive or manic
Ppl don’t tend to get better on their own

33
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A
  • positive symptoms of schizophrenia or disorganized symptoms
  • lasts less than a month
  • typically precipitated by trauma or stress
34
Q

Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome

A
  • Refers to individuals who are at high risk for developing schizophrenia or beginning to show signs of schizophrenia

Meds help mostly with positive symptoms

psychopathology (5 decks)

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