Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Medicine > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Up to __% of patients seen in an ambulatory may have associated substance abuse

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

About __% of american will show clinical dependence on a non-tobacco substance at some point in their lifetime

A

24.8%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are substance abuse disorders more common in men or women?

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intoxication associated with __% of MVAs, DV cases, and murders.

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: Addiction is a diagnostic term according to DSM-5

A

False

It is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are substance abuse disorders defined in DSM-5?

A

Any inappropriate use of a substance versus previous definitions that separated this into abuse versus dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_________ is defined as a reversible syndrome due to the recent use of substance

A

Intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_______ is defined by the following…..

1) Need to use an increased amount of a substance in order to achieve the desired effect
2) Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance

A

Tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

________ is defined as normal function only becomes possible with active use of a substance, and cessation of this substance causes adverse physiological consequences.

A

Dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_______ is defined as a cluster of symptoms with an onset closely following the cessation (or reduction in dose) that is specific to a drug (or drugs). Symptoms can be both physiological and cognitive

A

Withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name of the questionnaire used in assessing alcohol dependence?

A

CAGE Questionnaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Should you complete a mental status examination when working up substance abuse?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What co-morbid conditions are likely to accompany a patient with a substance abuse disorder?

A

Depression
Anxiety
Personality Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are the following ordered (to rule in/out) when working up Alcohol Abuse….

CBC
CMP
Thiamine

A

CBC - Anemia, Bone Marrow Depression

CMP - Liver Function

Thiamina - Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following would NOT be considered a direct diagnostic test for alcohol abuse

A) A blood alcohol level in excess of 300 mg/dL
B) A blood alcohol level of greater than 150 mg/dL without gross evidence of intoxication
C) A blood alcohol level of 100 with evidence of clinical intoxication
D) A blood alcohol level of greater than 100 mg/dL upon routine examination indicates alcoholism with a high degree of reliability

A

C) A blood alcohol level of 100 with evidence of clinical intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are EARLY manifestations of chronic alcoholism with underlying organ disease?

A 
Rosacea
Palmar erythema
Palpable liver from fatty liver disease
Respiratory infections
Easy bruising
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are LATE manifestations of chronic alcoholism with underlying organ disease?

A

Caput medusae
Ascites
Jaundice
Esophageal varices/hemoptysis/hematochezia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

To be diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder…..

A patient must exhibit signs/symptoms/behaviors over a ___ _______ period

A

12 Month Period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An uncomplicated withdrawal (“Shakes”) typically onsets when?

Peaks when?

Subsides when?

A

Onset: 7-38 hours after cessation

Peak: 24-48 Hours

Subsides: 5-7 Days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What manifestation during a alcohol withdrawal period would be indicative of marked, chronic alcohol abuse?

A

Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A patient may develop alcoholic hallucinosis how long after cessation of alcohol?

What types of hallucinations may occur?

Can these be permanent?

A

Within 48 hours of cessation

Hallucinations can be auditory, visual, or tactile

These can sometimes become permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal?

A

Delirium Tremens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are clinical manifestations of delirium tremens?

A 
Confusion
Agitation
Mild fever 
Nausea
Irritability
Tremor
Autonomic hyperarousal*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T/F: Delirium Tremens is NOT a medical emergency

A

False

It is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F: Delirium Tremens can progress to cardiovascular collapse

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What medication class is commonly used in alcohol withdrawal?

A

Benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T/F: Patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal and seizures, hallucinosis, or DTs should be hospitalized

A

True

28
Q

What is the name of the ‘score’ used in alcohol withdrawal assessment?

A

CIWA-Ar

29
Q

Other than benzodiazepines…..

What are THREE medications used to treat alcohol abuse disorders?

A
  1. Disulfiram (Antabuse)
  2. Naltrexone (Avoid in liver disease)
  3. Acamprosate (Compliance issues, need to take TID)
30
Q

What is the number 1 goal of alcohol abuse rehabilitation?

A

Complete Sobriety

31
Q

What percent of patients with alcohol abuse disorder will relapse following treatment?

In what time interval is relapse most likely?

A

50%

Relapse is most likely within the first 6 months following initial treatment

32
Q

T/F: All alcohol abuse patients should be referred to AA in order to obtain further support from people going through the same issues

A

True

33
Q

Abuse of the following would be considered a ______-abuse disorder

Morphine
Heroin
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
Codeine
Tramadol
Meperidine
Opium
Methadone
A

Opioid

34
Q

T/F: Opioid prescription users have a very LOW chance of becoming addicted to their medications

A

False

They have a very high chance

35
Q

Opioid abuse in general is more common in _____ (men/women).

A

Men

36
Q

Prescription pain medication addiction is more common in ____ (men/women)

A

Women

37
Q

In a patient intoxicated by opioids would you expect to see…..

Mydriasis or Miosis?

Bradycardia or Tachycardia?

Tachypnea or Bradypnea?

Hypertension or Hypotension?

Excitation or Sedation?

A

Miosis

Bradycardia

Hypotension

Bradypnea

Hypotension

Sedation

38
Q

Is opioid withdrawal life threatening?

What are symptoms of opioid withdrawal?

How is this managed?

A

No (But very uncomfortable)

Symptoms….

Mydriasis
Lacrimation
N/V/D
Myalgias
Agitation

Management…..

Symptomatic (Antiemetic, NSAIDs, Antidiarrheal, BZDs)

39
Q

What is the name of the medication used in opioid withdrawal that is a long acting opioid itself?

This can only be prescribed with a federal license

A

Methadone

40
Q

Other than methadone….

What are two additional medications used in opioid withdrawal management?

A

Naltrexone

Beprenorphine

41
Q

T/F: Intoxication from sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic medications will appear similar to opioid intoxication

A

False

It will appear similar to alcohol intoxication with less cognitive/motor impairment

42
Q

What are symptoms of sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic intoxication?

A

Lethargy
Impaired Cognition
Poor Memory

If severe….

Slurred speech
Ataxia
Coordination Lose
Respiratory Depression

43
Q

What is a common cause of sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withidrawal?

A

Tapering dose too quickly

44
Q

What are symptoms of sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic withdrawal?

A 
Anxiety
Irritability 
Fatigue
Headache
Tremor
Poor Concentration 
Diaphoresis
45
Q

Abuse of the following medications would be considered a _______-abuse related disorder

Cocaine, Crack
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Methamphetamine

A

Stimulant-Abuse Related Disorder

46
Q

What are common symptoms of stimulant intoxication?

A

Autonomic hyperarousal
Tachycardia
HTN
Mydriasis

47
Q

T/F: Cocaine intoxication can induce tactile hallucinations

A

True

48
Q

What are TWO concerning potential manifestations of cocaine intoxication/abuse?

A

Myocardial Infarction

Rhabdomyolysis with compartment syndrome

49
Q

What are symptoms of stimulant withdrawal?

When would you expect these symptoms to peak?

A 
Fatigue
Depression
Nightmares
HA
Diaphoresis
Muscle Cramps

Peak in 2-4 days from cessation and are self limiting

50
Q

Although stimulant withdrawal is typically self-limiting…..

What medications can be used to treat agitation in stimulant withdrawal?

A

Lorazepam

Diazepam

51
Q

What are you concerned for 2 WEEKS after stimulant abuse cessation?

A

Depression

52
Q

What are examples of common hallucinogens that are abused?

A

LSD
MDMA
PCP

53
Q

How may a hallucinogen intoxication present?

A 
Hallucinations
Perceptual Disturbances
Unreality
Tachycardia
HTN
Diaphoresis
Vision Changes
Mydriasis
54
Q

Is it possible for patients to have ‘bad trips’ or flashbacks while intoxicated on hallucinogens?

A

Yes

55
Q

Are there often concerning symptoms when a patient is withdrawing from hallucinogens?

What medication class can be used if the patient does develop agitation?

A

No

Agitation: BZDs

56
Q

T/F: Hallucinogen OD can result in life threatening symptoms such as arrhythmias or stroke

A

True

57
Q

T/F: Hallucinogen withdrawal is treated with supportive care

A

True

58
Q

The following are all symptoms of _______ intoxication.

Appetite Increase
Relaxation
Increased Libido
Dry Mouth
Tachycardia
Impaired Cognition
A

Cannibis Intoxication

59
Q

What are Sx of cannibis withdrawal?

A 
Irritability
Nervousness
Poor Appetite
Restlessness
Depressed Mood
Tremor
Fevers
Sweating
60
Q

T/F: Cannibis withdrawal is primarily pharmacologically manged

A

False

Supportive Care (Hydration, Supervision)

61
Q

__% of US death have tobacco involvement

A

20%

62
Q

What percent of smoker die from a tobacco induce disorder?

A

45%

63
Q

__-__% of schizophrenic patients smoke tobacco

A

75-90%

64
Q

Is there a tobacco intoxication diagnosis in DSM-5?

A

No

65
Q

The following are all symptoms of _____ withdrawal

Dsyphoria
Irritability
Insomnia
Increased Appetite
Weight Gain
Depression
A

Tobacco

66
Q

How is tobacco withdrawal manged?

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Agonist Therapy (Nicotine Gum, Lozange, TD Patch)
Medications (Bupropion, Varenicline)

Behavioral Medicine (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions