Substance Abuse

Question 1

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 1

A problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least two of the following, occurring within a 12 month period

Question 2

Tolerance

Answer 2

• Increased amount of drug needed for desired effect

- diminished effect of same amount of drug

Question 3

Full remission

Answer 3

At least one month without any of the criteria being met

• early 3-12 months
• sustained 12+ months

Question 4

Substance intoxication

Answer 4

The development of a reversible substance specific syndrome due to a recent investigation of (or exposure to) a substance

Question 5

Substance Withdrawal

Answer 5

The development of a substance-specific syndrome due to the cessation of (or reduction in) substance use that has been heavy or prolonged

Question 6

Alcohol

Answer 6

• 2 billion ppl consume alcohol
• 6.6% of the world population have a alcohol dependence or abuse
• binds to the GABA receptors and decreases neuronal excitation
• inhibits frontal lobe function
• inhibits motor control
• inhibits sensory areas
• inhibits cognitive functions
• blood concentrations
• toxic effects(FAS, Korsakoff’s syndrome)

Question 7

Alcohol Intoxication

Answer 7

• Recent ingestion of alcohol

- clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological changes

Question 8

Alcohol Withdrawal

Answer 8

• cessation of opioid use that has been heavy and prolonged

- nausea, muscle aches, lacrimation, sweating, dysphoric mood, diarrhea, yawning, fever, etc.

Question 9

Cocaine

Answer 9

clinically significant behavioral or psychological changes (anxiety/depression, ideas of reference, fear of losing one’s mind, paranoid ideation, impaired judgment

Question 10

Polysubstance Use Disorder

Answer 10

individual repeatedly uses at east 3 groups of substances, but no single substance predominates

Question 11

Causes of substance-related disorders

Answer 11

• Stressful socioeconomic areas
• lack of appropriate nurturance leads to increased dependency on others and other external sources of comfort and care
• genetics
• increased use of drugs reduced the brains release the associated neurotransmitters

Question 12

Treatment

Answer 12

• aversion therapy(pairing drug use with an aversive stimulus)
• rewards given to drug free behavior
• patients track their own drug use behavior
• teach appropriate coping strategies
• drug maintenance therapy
• residential treatment programs