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Abnormal Psychology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorders MOST likely to result when:

a. defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety
b. a person never has a chance to experience trauma
c. defense mechanisms are too strong
d. a person does not dream, and thus has no outlet for anxiety

A

a. defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety

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2
Q

Which disorder is NOT experienced by women more than men?

a. specific phobia
b. social anxiety disorder
c. generalized anxiety disorder
d. obsessive compulsive disorder

A

d. obsessive compulsive disorder

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3
Q

Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?

a. the humanistic approach
b. the sociocultural approach
c. the psychodynamic approach
d. the behavior approach

A

c. the psychodynamic approach

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4
Q

The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder:

a. acrophobia
b. agoraphobia
c. metrophobia
d. claustrophobia

A

b. agoraphobia

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5
Q

When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior be considered compulsive behavior?

a. when done more than once a day
b. never
c. when done to provide comfort and reduce tension
d. when they interfere with daily function and cause distress

A

d. when they interfere with daily function and cause distress

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6
Q

Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:

a. is logically rather than randomly connected to fearful situations.
b. is exhibited by everyone.
c. originally is associated with an increase in anxiety
d. is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety

A

d. is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety

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7
Q

Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive compulsive disorder serve to:

a. increase the level of all brain neurotransmitters
b. decrease serotonin activity in the brain
c. increase norepinephrine activity in the brain
d. increase serotonin activity in the brain

A

d. increase serotonin activity in the brain

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8
Q

An individual with which disorder would least likely need therapy to avoid a recurrence and to recover lost memories?

a. conversion disorder
b. depersonalization disorder
c. dissociative amnesia
d. dissociative fugue

A

d. dissociative fugue

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9
Q

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

a. danger to self or others
b. dysfunction
c. distress
d. deviance

A

b. dysfunction

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10
Q

Which is an aspect of the experimental approach?

a. the manipulation of a variable by the researcher
b. a detailed interpretive description of a subject
c. the use of confounding variables
d. observation of people over a period of time

A

a. the manipulation of a variable by the researcher

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11
Q

Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster together to form a:

a. medical treatment
b. syndrome
c. treatment
d. classification system

A

b. syndrome

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12
Q

The term “external validity” refers to the extent to which the results of a study:

a. apply to the subjects and situations other than the ones studied.
b. support the theory being tested
c. reflect the manipulation of a single variable
d. rule out alternative explanations

A

a. apply to the subjects and situations other than the ones studied.

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13
Q

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxations training is:

a. self-instruction training
b. experimental extinction
c. implosive therapy
d. systematic desensitization

A

d. systematic desensitization

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14
Q

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?

a. Compulsions help people control their obsessions
b. Obsessions are not related to compulsions
c. Obsessions generally lead to violent or immoral compulsions
d. Compulsions are a way to prevent obsessions from occurring

A

a. Compulsions help people control their obsessions

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15
Q

Someone who is experiencing “doubling” is:

a. transitioning from one sub personality to another
b. malingering
c. showing two out of several multiple personalities at the same time
d. feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her

A

d. feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her

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16
Q

Salina was terrified during the SanFran earthquake of 1989. For a couple of weeks after, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. However, the fears gradually diminished, disappearing within a month. This would most likely be diagnosed as:

a. acute stress disorder
b. posttraumatic stress disorder
c. phobic reaction
d. panic attack

A

a. acute stress disorder

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17
Q

Because people who exhibit mania have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy a person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has:

a. construct validity
b. face validity
c. concurrent validity
d. content validity

A

b. face validity

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18
Q

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of ____ at certain receptor sites in the brain.

a. dopamine
b. acetylcholine
c. serotonin
d. GABA

A

d. GABA

19
Q

Under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina’s mother records the number of times Tina hits her brother at home and what happens immediately before the hitting. In this situation, Tina’s mother is:

a. engaging in self monitoring behavior
b. conducting structured observations
c. a participant observer
d. demonstrating observer bias

A

c. a participant observer

20
Q

A combat veteran undergoing “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” is experiencing:

a. insight therapy
b. exposure therapy
c. drug therapy
d. group therapy

A

b. exposure therapy

21
Q

Fear differs from anxiety in that:

a. anxiety is to an interpersonal threat and fear is to an inanimate threat
b. fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general
c. anxiety is an immediate response; fear is more vague
d. anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear.

A

b. fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general

22
Q

When all of the sub personalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder are aware of one another, it is termed a:

a. mutually amnesia relationship
b. coconscious relationship
c. mutually cognizant pattern
d. one-way amnesic relationship

A

c. mutually cognizant pattern

23
Q

Which treatment is a non drug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today?

a. rational-emotive therapy
b. behavior modification
c. psychoanalysis
d. relaxation therapy

A

d. relaxation therapy

24
Q

A person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack, but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a:

a. posttraumatic disorder
b. obsessive compulsive response
c. panic attack
d. phobia

A

c. panic attack

25
Q

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have:

a. greater reliability and poorer validity
b. poorer reliability but greater validity
c. poorer reliability and poorer validity
d. greater reliability and greater validity

A

d. greater reliability and greater validity

26
Q

People who experience obsessions show:

a. a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate
b. typical levels of worry about real problems
c. thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them
d. thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist

A

c. thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them

27
Q

People with one anxiety disorder are MOST likely to:

a. experience only that one anxiety disorder
b. experience hallucinations
c. experience another anxiety disorder too
d. experience another type of psychiatric disorder as well

A

c. experience another anxiety disorder too

28
Q

Which has been proposed as a possible cause of dissociative disorders?

a. self-hyponosis
b. classical conditioning
c. regression
d. lack of repression

A

a. self-hyponosis

29
Q

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

a. sociocultural
b. behavioral
c. psychodynamic
d. biological

A

b. behavioral

30
Q

The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to:

a. Have the other sub personalities become subject to the sub personality that has the protector role
b. merge the sub personalities into a single identity
c. have the sub personalities develop equal shares of the person’s functioning
d. gradually phase out all but one of the sub personalities

A

b. merge the sub personalities into a single identity

31
Q

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

a. misinterpret bodily sensations
b. experience more stress than average
c. are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies
d. gradually phase out of all but one of the personalities

A

a. misinterpret bodily sensations

32
Q

One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder is based on:

a. what is the cause of the anxiety-linked symptoms was.
b. how long the anxiety symptoms last.
c. what sort of treatment is contemplated for anxiety linked symptoms
d. how intense the anxiety linked symptoms are

A

b. how long the anxiety symptoms last.

33
Q

If a person criticized everything he did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to his personal standards, he would be exhibiting what Rodgers called:

a. moral anxiety
b. conditions of worth
c. empathy
d. unconditional positive regard

A

b. conditions of worth

34
Q

According to DSM-5, one must demonstrate which set of symptoms to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?

a. excessive worry for four months, edginess, sleep changes, distress
b. excessive worry for five months, edginess, sleep changes, distress
c. excessive worry for six months, edginess, sleep changes, distress
d. excessive worry for two months, edginess, sleep changes, distress

A

c. excessive worry for six months, edginess, sleep changes, distress

35
Q

Dorian was only 10 miles away from Mount St. Helens when it erupted with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was terrified and hungry, and scared. More than a year later, he still had nightmares and woke up in a cold sweat. This description BEST fits an:

a. acute stress disorder
b. generalized anxiety disorder
c. post traumatic stress disorder
d. phobia

A

c. post traumatic stress disorder

36
Q

If one wanted a drug to improve the effectiveness of GABA, one would choose:

a. a benzodiazepine
b. an of the antidepressants
c. a drug that works on the endocrine level rather than the neuron level
d. a drug that increased neuronal firing speed

A

a. a benzodiazepine

37
Q

Behavior that violates legal norms is:

a. distressful and criminal
b. distressful and psychopathological
c. deviant and criminal
d. deviant and psychopathological

A

c. deviant and criminal

38
Q

Having to walk the dog several times a day when it is raining is an example of a:

a. stress response
b. stress disorder
c. psychophysical disorder
d. stressor

A

d. stressor

39
Q

Ideally, critical incident stress debriefing occurs:

a. immediately and is short term
b. after a recovery period and is long term
c. after a recovery period and is short term
d. immediately and is long term

A

a. immediately and is short term

40
Q

People who have a biological vulnerability for anxiety that is brought to the surface by social/psychological factors develop generalized anxiety disorders, according to the:

a. cognitive-behavioral model
b. diathesis-stress model
c. evolutionary perspective
d. psychodynamic model

A

b. diathesis-stress model

41
Q

Teaching people to accept their worries and love in the present moment— mindfulness therapy— is MOST consistent with which theoretical approach?

a. biological
b. cognitive
c. behavioral
d. psychodynamic

A

b. cognitive

42
Q

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in older men seen at a clinic tells you the:

a. risk of a man developing sexual dysfunction
b. rate of sexual dysfunction in the community
c. total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic
d. number of new cases of sexual dysfunction over a period of time

A

c. total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic

43
Q

Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable, they are called ___ variables.

a. controlled
b. blind
c. irrelevant
d. confounding

A

d. confounding

44
Q

Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X and Y is:

a. -.53
b. -.88
c. +.45
d. close to zero

A

b. -.88

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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