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Abnormal Psychology > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality Disorders

A

-relatively inflexible patters of inner experience and outward behavior

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2
Q

Odd cluster

A
  • paranoid
  • schizoid
  • schizotypal
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3
Q

Dramatic cluster

A
  • antisocial
  • borderline
  • histrionic
  • narcissitic
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4
Q

Anxious Cluster

A
  • avoidant
  • dependent
  • obsessive compulsive
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5
Q

Odd personality disorders

A

-suspiciousness, social withdrawal, peculiar ways of experiencing or perceiving things

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6
Q

Paranoid personality disorders

A
  • deep distrust of others
  • suspicions of the motives of others
  • shun close relationships
  • read hidden meanings into everything
  • often respond with anger
  • often critical of others
  • fail to see faults in themselves
  • sensitive to criticism
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7
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorders Causes

A
  • early interaction with demanding parents

- view enviornemnt as hostile, always on alert

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8
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder Treatment

A
  • typically do not seek treatment
  • object relations therapists
  • Behavioral and cognitive therapist help the patient control anxiety
  • improves social function
  • drugs are of limited help
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9
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A
  • avoid and are removed from social relationships
  • demonstrate little emotion
  • make no effort to keep relationships
  • little interest in sex
  • no need for attention or acceptance
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10
Q

Schizoid personality disorder Causes

A
  • roots in unsatisfied need for human contact
  • rather than reacting with distrust, schizoids withdraw into themselves and are unable to give or receive love
  • don’t pick up emotional cues
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11
Q

Schizoid personality disorder Treatment

A
  • most do not seek help
  • lists and emotion journals
  • teach social skills
  • role play
  • exposure techniques
  • group therapy
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12
Q

Schizotypal

A
  • extreme discomfort in close relationships
  • seek isolation
  • body illusions-feeling a force in their bodies
  • believe they have magical control over others
  • wearing odd clothing
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13
Q

Schizotypal Causes

A
  • often treated as a mild of prodromal form of schizophrenia
  • high activity of dopamine
  • smaller temporal lobes
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14
Q

Schizotypal Treatment

A
  • recognize limits of thoughts and power
  • reduce overstimulation
  • evaluate unusual thoughts
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15
Q

Antisocial personality disorders

A
  • also known as sociopaths or psychopaths
  • consistently disregard or violate other’s rights
  • closely linked to illegal behavior
  • must be 18 years or older to diagnose
  • running away from home, animal cruelty, destructon of property, repeated lying, impulsivity, aggression
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16
Q

Antisocial personality disorders causes

A
  • absence of parental love in infancy
  • bonds through use of power and destructiveness
  • difficulty recognizing a point of view other than their own
  • poverty, family violence, parental conflict, divorce
17
Q

Antisocial personality disorders treatment

A
  • 25% seek treatment
  • usually seeking treatment for another disorder
  • wilderness programs
18
Q

Borderline

A
  • great instability
  • shifts of mood
  • shifts of self image/identity
  • impulsivity
  • episodes of self harm
  • “they walk the world with chaos in their wake”
  • form intense conflict ridden relationships
  • poor boundaries
  • frantic efforts to avoid perceive abandonment
  • dichotomous, black and white thinking
  • 70% attempt suicide
  • dissociation
  • more women than men
19
Q

Borderline Causes

A
  • early lack of acceptance by parents
  • low self esteem
  • inability to cope with separation
  • neglect, abuse, inconsistent relationships, divorce, etc
  • low brain serotonin
  • intrinsic problems controlling emotions
20
Q

Borderline Treatment

A
  • dialectical behavioral therapy
  • learn new social skills
  • respond more effectively to stressors
  • antidepressants
  • mood stabilizers
  • antianxiety medication
21
Q

Histrionic

A
  • extremely emotional
  • continuously seek to be the center of attention
  • constantly changing to be accepted by others
  • constanly seeking approval and praise
22
Q

Histrionic Causes

A
  • cold and controlling parents left patient feeling unloved and afraid of abandonment
  • learned to cope by behaving dramatically
  • patients so self focused and emotional that they become less and less involved with the real world
23
Q

Histrionic Treatment

A
  • group therapies

- role play

24
Q

Narcissitic

A
  • need admiration
  • feel no empathy for others
  • convinced of own success, power, and beauty
  • exaggerate their achievements
  • expect others to recognize them as superior
  • appear arrogant
  • may take advantage of others
  • deal poorly with criticism
25
Q

Narcissitic Causes

A
  • cold, rejecting parents

- convince themselves that they are totally self sufficient

26
Q

Narcissitic Treatment

A
  • few seek treatment
  • seek support for their superiority
  • little success
27
Q

Anxious Personalities

A
  • very uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations
  • feelings of inadequacy
  • yearn for social contact
28
Q

Anxious Personalities Causes

A
  • same as anxiety disorders
  • traumas
  • conditioned fears
  • shame
  • assumption that others will judge them harshly
29
Q

Dependent

A
  • pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of
  • clingy
  • obedient
  • fear separation from parent, spouse, or others
  • cannot make independent decisions
  • do not disagree with others
30
Q

Dependent Causes

A
  • similar to depression
  • unresolved oral phase
  • dichotomous thinking
31
Q

Dependent Treatment

A
  • typically place responsibility for treatment on the clinician
  • assertiveness training
  • antidepressant therapy
  • group therapy
32
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A
  • preoccupied with order, perfection, and control
  • lack of flexibility, openness, and efficacy
  • unreasonably high standards
33
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Causes

A
  • similar to OCD
  • overly harsh toilet training
  • misreading or exaggerating outcomes of mistakes or errors
  • overlap of symptoms between disorders within a class or even between classes
34
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Treatment

A
  • not likely to seek treatment

- respond well to psychodynamic or cognitive therapy

35
Q

Problems with Personality Disorder Categories

A
  • overlap of symptoms

- people who qualify for the same disorder can appear very different

36
Q

Alternative ways to classify personality disorders

A
  • clinicians search for a way to avoid categorical diagnoses
  • diagnose patients based on their magnitude of expression of key symptoms of dimensions
  • the big 5

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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