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Pharmacology: Central Nervous System Drugs > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

0
Q

amphetamine

A

a drug that stimulates the central nervous system

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1
Q

addiction

A

strong psychological or physical dependence on a drug or other psychoactive substance

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2
Q

detoxification

A

a process of eliminating a toxic substance from the body; a medically supervised program for alcohol or opioid addiction

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3
Q

enuresis

A

urinary incontinence

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4
Q

habituation

A

development of tolerance to a substance following prolonged medical use but without psychological or physical dependence (addiction)

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5
Q

illicit drug use

A

the use of a drug or substance in a way that is not intended to be used or the use of a drug that is not legally approved for human administration

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6
Q

intoxication

A

stimulation, excitement, or stupefaction produced by a chemical substance

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7
Q

Korsakoff’s psychosis

A

a syndrome of amnesia with confabulation (making up of stories) associated with chronic alcohol abuse; it often occurs together with Wernicke’s encephalopathy

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8
Q

micturition

A

urination, the desire to urinate, or the frequency of urination

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9
Q

narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder characterised by sleeping during the day, disrupted nighttime sleep, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations

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10
Q

opioid analgesics

A

synthetic pain-relieving substances that were originally derived from the opium poppy; naturally occurring opium derivatives are called opiates

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11
Q

physical dependence

A

a condition characterised by physiologic reliance on a substance, usually indicated by tolerance to the effects of the substance and development of withdrawal symptoms when use of substance is terminated

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12
Q

psychoactive properties

A

drug properties that affect mood, behaviour, cognitive processes, and mental status

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13
Q

psychological dependence

A

a condition characterised by strong desires to obtain and use a substance

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14
Q

raves

A

increasingly popular all-night parties that typically involve dancing, drinking, and the use of various illicit drugs

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15
Q

roofies

A

pills that are classified as benzodiazepines; they have recently gained popularity as a recreational drug; chemically known as flunitrazepam

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16
Q

substance abuse

A

the use of a mood- or behaviour-altering substance in a maladaptive manner that often compromises health, safety, and social and occupational functioning, and causes legal problems

17
Q

commonly abused substances: major categories

A

opioids, stimulants, depressants

18
Q

commonly abused substances: individual drugs

A

alcohol, anabolic steroids, dextromethorphan, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), nicotine, phencyclidine (PCP)

19
Q

signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal: peak period

A

1 to 3 days

20
Q

signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal: duration

A

5 to 7 days

21
Q

signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal: signs

A

drug seeking, mydriasis, piloerection, diaphoresis, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhoea, insomnia, elevated blood pressure and pulse rate

22
Q

signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal: symptoms

A

intense desire for drugs, muscle cramps, arthralgia, anxiety, nausea, malaise

23
Q

amphetamine and cocaine forms

A

dimethoxymethylamphetamine [DOM, STP, methamphetamine (crystallised form) [ice, crystal, glass], methamphetamine (powdered form) [speed, meth, crank], methylenedioxyamphetamine [MDA, love drug], methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA, ecstasy], cocaine (powdered form) [coke, dust, snow, flake, blow, girl], cocaine (crystallised form) [crack, crack cocaine, freebase rocks, rock]

24
Q

signs and symptoms of stimulant withdrawal: peak period

A

1 to 3 days

25
Q

signs and symptoms of stimulant withdrawal: duration

A

5 to 7 days

26
Q

signs and symptoms of stimulant withdrawal: signs

A

social withdrawal, psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, hyperphagia

27
Q

signs and symptoms of stimulant withdrawal: symptoms

A

depression, suicidal thoughts and behaviour, paranoid delusions

28
Q

signs and symptoms of stimulant withdrawal: treatment

A

no pharmacologic treatments to reduce cravings or reverse acute toxicity and known antidotes

29
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of depressant withdrawal: peak period

A

2 to 4 days for short-acting drugs; 4 to 7 days for long-acting drugs

30
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of depressant withdrawal: duration

A

4 to 7 days for short-acting drugs; 7 to 12 days for long-acting drugs

31
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of depressant withdrawal: signs

A

increased psychomotor activity; agitation; muscle weakness; hyperthermia; diaphoresis; delirium; convulsions; elevated blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature; tremors of eyelids, tongue, and hands

32
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of depressant withdrawal: symptoms

A

anxiety; depression; euphoria; incoherent thoughts; hostility; grandiosity; disorientation; tactile, auditory, and visual hallucinations; suicidal thoughts

33
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of depressant withdrawal: treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal

A

a 7- to 10-day taper (10- to 14-day taper with long-acting benzodiazepines); treatment with diazpam [Valium]

34
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of depressant withdrawal: treatment of barbiturate withdrawal

A

a 7- to 10-day taper or a 10- to 14-day taper; calculate barbiturate equivalence, and give 50% of the original dosage

35
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of ethanol withdrawal: signs and symptoms (mild withdrawal)

A

systolic blood pressure higher than 150 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure higher than 90 mm Hg, pulse rate higher than 110 beats/min, temperature above 37.7 degrees, tremors, insomnia, agitation

36
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of ethanol withdrawal: signs and symptoms (moderate withdrawal)

A

systolic blood pressure higher than 200 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure higher than 140 mm Hg, pulse rate higher than 140 beats/min, temperature above 38.3 degrees, tremors, insomnia, agitation

37
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of ethanol withdrawal: signs and symptoms (severe withdrawal [delirium tremors])

A

systolic blood pressure higher than 200 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure higher than 140 mm Hg, pulse rate higher than 140 beats/min, temperature above 38.3 degrees, tremors, insomnia, agitation

38
Q

signs, symptoms, and treatment of ethanol withdrawal: treatment

A

benzodiazepines; thiamine administration; hydration; magnesium replacement

39
Q

disulfiram adverse effects: acetaldehyde syndrome

A

cardiovascular system: vasodilation over the entire body, hypotension, orthostatic syncope, chest pain; central nervous system: intense throbbing of the head and neck leading to a pulsating headache, sweating, marked uneasiness, weakness, vertigo, blurred vision, confusion; gastrointestinal system: nausea, copious vomiting, thirst; respiratory system: difficulty breathing

Pharmacology: Central Nervous System Drugs (8 decks)

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