General & Local Anesthetics Flashcards
anaesthesia
the loss of ability to feel pain resulting from the administration of an anaesthetic drug
adjunct anaesthetics
drugs used in combination with anaesthetic drugs to control the adverse effects of anaesthetics or to help maintain the anaesthetic state in the patient
anaesthetics
drugs that depress the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nerves to produce decreased or loss of consciousness, or muscle relaxation
balanced anaesthesia
the practice of using combinations of different drug classes rather than a single drug to produce anaesthesia
general anaesthesia
a drug-induced state in which the CNS nerve impulses are altered to reduce pain and other sensations throughout the entire body; it normally involves complete loss of consciousness and depression of normal respiratory drive
local anaesthesia
a drug-induced state in which peripheral or spinal nerve impulses are altered to reduce or eliminate pain and other sensations in tissues inner bated by these nerves
malignant hyperthermia
a genetically linked major adverse reaction to general anaesthesia characterised by a rapid rise in body temperature, as well as tachycardia, tachypnea, and sweating
moderate sedation
a milder form of general anaesthesia that causes partial or complete loss of consciousness but does not generally reduce normal respiratory drive (also referred to as conscious sedation)
Overton-Meyer theory
a theory that describes the relationship between the lipid solubility of anaesthetic drugs and their potency
spinal anaesthesia
local anaesthesia induced by injection of an anaesthetic drug near the spinal cord to anaesthetise nerves that are distal to the site of injection (also called intraspinal anaesthesia)
parenteral general anaesthetics
etomidate [Amidate], ketamine [Ketalar], methohexital [Brevital], propofol [Diprivan],
thiopental [Pentothal]
inhalation general anaesthetics
nitrous oxide (inhaled “laughing” gas), desflurane [Suprane], enflurane [Ethrane], halothane [Fluothane], isoflurane [Forane], methoxyflurane [Penthrane], sevoflurane [Ultane]
effects of inhaled and intravenous general anaesthetics: respiratory system
depressed muscles and patterns of respiration; altered has exchange and impaired oxygenation; depressed airway-protective mechanisms; airway irritation and possible laryngospasm
effects of inhaled and intravenous general anaesthetics: cardiovascular system
depressed myocardium; hypotension and tachycardia; bradycardia in response to vagal stimulation
effects of inhaled and intravenous general anaesthetics: cerebrovascular system
increased intracranial blood volume and increased intracranial pressure
