Substance Abuse Flashcards
1
Q
FASD
A
- umbrella term used to describe the range of physical characteristics, mental, behavioral and/or learning disabilities associated with prenatal alcohol exposure
- includes a variety of diagnoses, all due to maternal alcohol consumption
- NO safe amount or safe time
- 100% preventable: leading known preventable cause of birth defects and intellectual disabilities
2
Q
terminology
A
- fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS): with or without confirmed exposure
- prenatal FAS: with or without confirmed exposure
- alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorders and alcohol related birth defects (ARND and ARBD): no physical characteristics of alcohol
3
Q
characteristics of FASD
A
- growth deficiencies (<10th percentile)
- facial features
- CNS dysfunction
4
Q
facial features
A
- smooth philtrum (tip of nose)
- short palpebral fissures (small eye space)
- thin vermillion border/ upper lip
5
Q
CNS dysfunction
A
- microcephaly (small head)
- tremors/seizures
- hyperactivity/ attention deficits
- gross/fine motor difficulties (OT/PT)
- learning/intellectual disabilities, developmental delays
- memory difficulties/ processing information
- impulsivity/distractibility
- difficulty with abstract thought
- executive function deficits
6
Q
primary disabilities
A
due to brain damage - structure and function
- basal ganglia: memory, time perception, problem solving
- cerebellum: coordination, balance, movement
- corpus callosum: between 2 lobes
- frontal lobe: executive functions, impulse control, judgement
- hippocampus: learning and memory
executive functioning
7
Q
secondary concerns
A
- mental health problems
- disrupted schooling (suspension)
- alcohol/drug use themselves
- legal problems
- increased sexual behaviors
- dependent living
- employment problems
8
Q
hearing
A
- railroad track ears
- recurrent middle ear infections (75-93%)
- sensorineural hearing loss (27-29%)
- central auditory processing
9
Q
speech and language
A
- articulation errors
- expressive and receptive language
- semantics: not surface level vocab, figurative language
- syntax
- pragmatics
- executive functioning skills: make stories up, can’t process
10
Q
treatment
A
- individualized
- deficit-specific
- strength based
- team approach
- consistency
- positive praise
- protective measures: early diagnosis/intervention, involvement in special education/social services, loving/nurturing/stable home environment, absence of violence
11
Q
strategies
A
- be direct, concrete, specific
- simplicity
- structure
12
Q
neonatal abstinence syndrome
A
- group of problems that occur in a newborn who was exposed to addictive opiate drugs while in the womb
- prescription (prescribed and not)
- non-prescription
13
Q
withdrawal
A
- 30 to 50% of babies
- CNS: high pitched cry, tremors, sleep pattern differences
- metabolic/respiratory: sweating, yawning, hyperthermia
- gastrointestinal disturbances: excessive/uncoordinated suck, reflux, loose stools
14
Q
prenatal opiate/cocaine exposure
A
- lower weight, height, head circumference (slower growth)
- problems with habituation, state regulation, reflexes, tone
- cognitive deficits at 18-36 months
- lower social maturity at 36 months
- language delays: specifically grammar, complex language at 3-4 years
- auditory system: cocaine (can cause nerve issues)
- meth shows similar
15
Q
prescription drug exposure
A
- subtle motor and growth differences
- subtle behavior and social adaptability problems
- methadone (opiod replacement): results in motor deficits, reduced social responsibility, shorter attention span
