Substance Abuse Flashcards
The development of a reversible, substance-specific syndrome as a result of the recent ingestion of a substance; must include maladaptive behavior or psychological changes and specific signs of the substance’s effects on the nervous system.
substance intoxication
A substance-specific maladaptive behavioral change with physiological and cognitive correlates, due to cessation or reduction of heavy or prolonged substance use.
withdrawal
caused by thiamine deficiency often associated with alcoholism; symptoms include confusion, loss of muscle coordination (leg tremors), and vision changes (abnormal eye movements, double vision, eyelid drooping).
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
retrograde and anteretrograde amnesia and confabulation (attempts to compensate for memory loss by fabricating memories); hallucinations.
Korsakoff’s syndrome
inappropriate sexual or aggressive behaviors; impaired judgment; slurred speech; emotional lability; incoordination; unsteady gait; involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eyes; impaired attention or memory; stupor; coma.
Alcohol intoxication
sweating; tachycardia; hand tremor; insomnia; nausea or vomiting; transient illusions or hallucinations; anxiety; psychomotor agitation; grand mal seizures; delirium tremens (DT’s).
alcohol withdrawal
euphoria; anxiety; hyperactivity; grandiosity; confusion; anger; paranoia; auditory hallucinations; tachycardia; elevated or lowered blood pressure; dilated pupils; perspiration or chills; nausea or vomiting; weight loss; psychomotor agitation; muscular weakness; confusion; seizures.
amphetamine/cocain intoxication
dysphoric mood; fatigue; vivid and unpleasant dreams; insomnia or hypersomnia; increased appetite; psychomotor agitation or retardation.
amphetamine/cocaine withdrawal
restlessness; nervousness; excitement; insomnia; flushed face; diuresis; gastrointestinal disturbance; muscle twitches; rambling flow of thought and speech; tachycardia or arrhythmia; periods of inexhaustibility; psychomotor agitation.
caffeine intoxication
headache (most common), changes in mood (such as
depression and anxiety), difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and/or increased appetite.
caffeine withdrawal
impaired motor coordination; euphoria; anxiety; sensation of slowed time; impaired judgment; social withdrawal; conjunctival injection (redness of the eyes); increased appetite; dry mouth; tachycardia.
cannabis intoxication
irritability, nervousness/anxiety, sleep difficulty (insomnia), decreased appetite or weight loss, restlessness, depressed
mood, stomach pain, shakiness/tremors, sweating, fever, chills, and/or headache.
cannabis withdrawal
perceptual changes; anxiety; depression; ideas of reference; paranoid ideation; pupillary dilation; tachycardia; sweating; palpitations; blurred vision; tremors; incoordination.
hallucinogen intoxication
Following the cessation of use, the reexperiencing of one or more of the perceptual symptoms that were experienced while intoxicated; this reexperiencing causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupation
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (hallucinogen withdrawal)
initial euphoria followed by apathy or dysphoria; pupillary constriction; drowsiness or coma; slurred speech; impairment in attention and memory.
Opioid intoxication
