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PARASIT MIDTERM > Subphylum Mastigophora > Flashcards

Subphylum Mastigophora Flashcards

1
Q

2 groups of flagellates

A

Intestinal flagellates
Atrial flagellates

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2
Q

What parasites are included in Intestinal Flagellates?

A

Gardia lamblia
Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis

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3
Q

What parasite/s are included in Atrial Flagellates?

A

Trichomonas species

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4
Q

Flagellates reside mainly in the:

A

small intestines, cecum, colon, duodenum

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5
Q

Possess whip-like locomotory organelle called

A

Flagella

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6
Q

Mode of Reproduction of Flagellates

A

longitudinal binary fission

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7
Q

2 Habitat

A

Digestive tract & genital organs flagellates
Blood & Tissue Flagellates

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8
Q

What are the habitat included in Digestive tract & genital organs flagellates?

A

Enteromonas hominis
Embadomonaa instestinalis
Chilomastix mesnili
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis

(EECGTrich3)

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9
Q

What are the habitat that are included in blood & tissue flagellates?

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma cruzi

(L3Try3)

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10
Q

The only pathogenic intestinal flagellates found only in man

A

Giardia lamblia

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11
Q

Included in Giardia lamblia

A

Giardia duodenalis
Giardia intestinalis
Cercomonas intestinalis
Lamblia intestinalis
Giardia enterica
Megastoma enterica

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12
Q

Giardia lamblia’s Mode of Transmission

A

-Ingestion of cyst usually through contaminated water
-Oral-anal route

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13
Q

Main habitat of Giardia lamblia

A

Duodenal area of small intestine and gall bladder

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14
Q

What are the parasites in Lumen-dwelling flagellates?

A

Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis
Enteromonas hominis
Giardia lamblia
Retortamonas intestinalis
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis

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15
Q

What are the habitat in Lumen-dwelling flagellates?

A

Large intestine (cecum)
Large intestine (cecum & colon)
Large intestine (colon)
Duodenum & jejunum
Large intestine (colon)
Large intestine (cecum)
Mouth
Vagina & Urethra

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16
Q

What are the parasites in Hemoflagellates?

A

Leishmania species
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi

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17
Q

What are thr habitat in Hemoflagellates?

A

Reticuloendothelial cells
Connective tissue & Blood
Reticuloendothelial cells & blood

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18
Q

It is one of the earliest protozoan parasite to have been recorded

A

Giardia lamblia

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19
Q

He is the one who observed Giardia lamblia in his own stool.

A

Dutch scientist Antonie von Leeuwenhoek in 1681

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20
Q

He is the one who named it after as “Giardia”.

A

Professor Giard of Paris

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21
Q

He is the one who named it after as “Lamblia”.

A

Professor Lamble of Prague

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22
Q

Geographical Distribution

A

Cosmopolitan

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23
Q

Prevalence in Giardia lamblia

A

Approximately 1.6 to 22% in the Philippines

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24
Q

Reservoir of Giardia lamblia

A

Human
Beavers
Dogs
Cats
Sheep

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25
Giardia lamblia mode of transmission
Ingestion of cysts in contaminated water and food Direct person-to-person transmission: •children •male homosexuals •mentally ill persons
26
(Arrange Life Cycle) a. Reproduce by binary fission b. Excystation occurs in the duodenum and become trophozoites c. Encystation occurs in the large intestines with water reabsorption d.Ingestion of viable cysts from continated food and water e. Trophozoite inhabits the mucosa of duodenum and proximal jejunum (optimal pH: 6.4-7.0)
d,b,e,a,c
27
2 types or Pathogenic Mechanism
Cytoadherence Antigenic Variation
28
It is lead to decreased electrolyte, glucose, and fluid absorption, and cause deficiencies in enzymes
Cytoadherence
29
Pathogenic stage of Cytoadherence
(Trophozoite) •Physical barrier •Mechanical Damage
30
The results in the entire surface of the parasite being covered with variant-specific surface proteins (VSSPs)
Antigenic Variation
31
In which help the parasite in envasion of host Immune system
Antigenic Variation
32
What are the Enhanced Susceptibility?
Blood group A Achlorhydria Use of cannabis Chronic pancreatitis Malnutrition Immune defects
33
2 Pathogenesis
Giardiasis Gay Bowel Syndrome
34
What are included in Giardiasis?
Malabsorption Steatorrhea Cramping Diarrhea Flatulence Traveler’s Diarrhea
35
Giardiasis or Flagellate diarrhea is also known as:
Traveller’s diarrhea
36
What are the acute/mild Disease?
Diarrhea Abdominal cramps Anorexia Flatulence Steatorrhea Malabsorption syndrome
37
Incubation period of Giardia lamblia disease
1-4 weeks (acute)
38
Self-limiting in the disease of Giardia lamblia
10-14days after onset
39
2 Clinical Manifestations
Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis) Gall Bladder Involvement (Cholangitis)
40
Irritation with excess secretion of mucus and dehydration
Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)
41
Irritation or edema of the ampulla of Vater
Gall Bladder Involvement (Cholangitis)
42
Giardia lamblia treatment-“Drug of choice”
Metronidazole
43
It is Nonpathogenic and Harmless commensal
Chilomastix mesnili
44
Synonym of Chilomastix mesnili
Shepherd’s crook Chilomastix hominis
45
Main habitat of Chilomastix mesnili
Cecal region of the large intestine
46
Mode of transmission of Chilomastix mesnili
Ingestion of cyst
47
Prevalence of C. mesnili in the Philippines is less than _____
1%
48
It was previously considered as an AMOEBA
Dientamoeba fragilis
49
Dientamoeba fragilis is now reclassified as an?
Amoeboflagellate
50
The name Dientamoeba fragilis is derived from:
•Binucleated nature of trophozoite •Fragmented appearance of its nuclear chromatin
51
Where do we find the most common Intestinal protozoan parasite?
Canada
52
Mode of transmission in Dientamoeba fragilis
Fecal-oral route person-to-person route concomitant with: pinworm, Enteroblus vernicularis, infxn
53
It is found in the lumen of the large intestine
Trophozoites
54
What are the 25% of Dientamoebiasis
Diarrhea Abdominal pain Other symptoms: loss of apetite, weight loss, nausea, fatigue
55
Appearance of trophozoite: Pear-shaped or oviod No cytostome
Enteromonas hominis
56
Motility of Trophozoite in Enteromonas hominis
Jerky motility
57
Pear-shaped uninucleated
Cyst of Enteromonas hominis
58
It has a trophozoite that the characteristic is cleft-like cytostome
Embadomonas intestinalis
59
It has the same appearance of the cyst in Enteromonas fragilis
Embadomonas intestinalis
60
It is Genus Trichomonas and Exist only as trophozoites ; No cystic stage
Atrial Flagellates
61
Motility of Atrial Flagellates
Fast jerky tumbling movement
62
Trichomonas vaginalis is first observed by?
Donne in 1836
63
Prevalence if Trichomoniasis varies from ____ patients at hospitals to ____ in sexual workers
5% px, 75%
64
Trichomonas vaginalis habitat in females
Vagina cervix Bartholin’s glands urethra urinary bladder
65
Trichomonas vaginalis habitat in Males
Anterior urethra prostate preputial sac
66
What are the other STDs in Trichomonas?
candidiasis gonorrhea syphilis human immunodefficiency virus
67
Incubation period or Trichomoniasis
4-4weeks
68
Growth of Trichomoniasis
slightly alkaline or slightly acidic (pH 6.0 to 6.3)
69
Possible complications in Trichomoniasis
Secondary bacterial infxn in the urogenital tract Endometritis Pyosalpingitis
70
Reservoir of Trichomonas
Humans
71
Prevalance of Trichomoniasis
Women: 5 to 20% Men: 2 to 12%
72
Trichomonas tenax is also known as
Trichomonas buccalis
73
It is harmless comensal which lives mouth in the periodontal pockets, carius tooth cavities, and les often in tonsillar crypts
Trichomonas tenax
74
Mode of Transmission in Trichomonas tenax
Kissing Salivary droplets Fomites
75
It cannot be transplanted into the urogenital tract or the mouth
Pentatrichomonas hominis
76
If ingested in a protective substance, these organisms can eurvive through the stomach and small intestine
ACHLORHYDRIA
77
It has an habitat that Buccal cavity, Tartar of the teeth
Trypanosoma tenax
78
These are non-pathogenic diseasea
T. tenax T. hominis
79
Habitat of T. hominis
cecum

PARASIT MIDTERM (7 decks)

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