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PARASIT MIDTERM > Module 2 Protozoa > Flashcards

Module 2 Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

These are greek words means “first animal”

A

Protos & Zoon

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2
Q

Protozoa were historically regarded as _______ because they often possess animal like behaviors

A

One-celled animals

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3
Q

T/F:
Most of the protozoa are pathogenic but few may cause major diseases.

A

False

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4
Q

The structure of protozoan cell is composed of _______ and _______.

A

cytoplasmic body, nucleus

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5
Q

The various life function are carried out by specialized intracellular structure known as ______.

A

organelles

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6
Q

It is consist of ectoplasm and endoplasm that tge electron microscope has demonstrated to be very complex.

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

It is part of cytoplasm that consist of a thin outer ______.

A

ectoplasm

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8
Q

It is a voluminous inner

A

endoplasm

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9
Q

Give the 4 phyla of protozoa and the subphylum that are included.

A

1.Phylum Sarcomastigaphora
-Subphylum Sarcodina
-Subphylum Mastigaphora
2. Phylum Ciliophora
3. Phylum Apicomplexa
4. Phylum Microsopora

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10
Q

It appears more transparent, less granular, and more homogenous.

A

Ectoplasm

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11
Q

What are the locomotory organelles of protozoa arises from ectoplasm

A

Pseudopodia
Flagella
Cilia
Undulating membrane

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12
Q

a ciliate, food passes directly into a specialized “cell mouth” structure called cytosome.

A

Balantidium coli

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13
Q

Known as Cell Mouth

A

Cytosome

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14
Q

Excretion of undigested particles. Also known as “Cell Anus”

A

Cytophage

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15
Q

Where does the cytosome located?

A

Near the anterior end of the body

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16
Q

Feeding by Phagocytosis

A

Pseudopodia

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17
Q

Inactive cystic stage, Membranous

A

Cyst wall

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18
Q

It is necessary for survival outside the body and against the acidic digestivd juices of GIT

A

cyst wall

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19
Q

It has a function of movement, respiration, procurement of food, discharge of metabolic wastes, and protection

A

Ectoplasm

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20
Q

It consists of moderately dense granular protoplasm that immediately surrounds the nucleus

A

Endoplasm

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21
Q

It has a function of metabolism, nutrition, and food storage

A

Endoplasm

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22
Q

What organelles are in the Endoplasm?

A

•Mitochondria
•Golgi apparatus
•Microbodies
•Endoplasmic reticulum

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23
Q

Endoplasm also contain:

A

•Vacuoles
•Food Vacuoles
•Food Reserves
•Foreign Bodies

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24
Q

In endoplasm, what vacuoles are found in immature amorbic cysts?

A

Glycogen vacuoles and Chromatoidal bodies (bars)

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25
Q

Transformation of a trophozoite stage into a cyst stage

A

Encystation

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26
Q

In which one individual divides into two of more or less equal parts

A

Binary Fission

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27
Q

Liberates daughter cells that are called merozoites

A

Schizogony

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28
Q

Permanent and complete fusion of male and female gametes

A

Sporogony

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29
Q

Interchange of nuclear material that takes place among ciliates

A

Conjugation

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30
Q

Extension of ectoplasm that aid amoeba in motility

A

Pseudopodia

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31
Q

Lateral expansion of the plasma membrane associated with flagellum

A

Undulating membrane

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32
Q

Specialized cell mouth found among the ciliates

A

Cytosome

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33
Q

Dense cytoplasmic inclusions made up of crystalline RNA and RNA binding proteins

A

Chromatoidal bodies

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34
Q

A mass of chromatin located within the nucleus of the certain protozoa

A

Karyosome

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35
Q

Main storage form of glucose

A

Glycogen vacuoles

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36
Q

What is the demonstration of Glycogen vacuoles in wet mount?

A

Staining brown color with iodine solution

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37
Q

Contains chromosomes that are essential for life, reproduction, and genetic composition of the organism.

A

Nucleus

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38
Q

The nucleus is bounded externally by a well defined _______?

A

Nuclear membrane

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39
Q

Found in most protozoa and irregular distribution of chromatin materials

A

Vesicular Nucleus

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40
Q

Trophozoites to Cyst

A

Encystation

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41
Q

Cyst to Trophozoites

A

Excystation

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42
Q

Found in a few protozoa only in Ciliates

A

Compact Nucleus

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43
Q

It is motile forms, vegetative stage, reproductive powers, feeding stage, and delicate.

A

Trophozoites

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44
Q

It has a resting stage and Nonmotile stage bounded by tough cell wall.Continuous infective stage

A

Cysts

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45
Q

Loss of motility, growth, and reproduction. Enclosing in a tough wall

A

Encystation

46
Q

Plane of Fission:
Amoebas:________
Flagellates:__________
Ciliates:_________

A

-random
-longitudinal
-transverse

47
Q

It occurs in Apicomplexa

A

Multiple Fission

48
Q

Nuclues and other essential organelles divided repeatedly followed by cytokines

A

Multiple Fission

49
Q

A large number of daughter cells are produced

A

Multiple Fission

50
Q

Before the division, all structures are duplicated

A

Binary Fission

51
Q

What are the classification of Schizogony?

A

Schizonts/Meronts

52
Q

Schizogony producing more asexual reproducing merozoites

A

Merogony

53
Q

sometimes considered a form of internal budding

A

Endopolyogeny

54
Q

the daughter cell form in the center of the mother cell rather than at the periphery.

A

Endopolyogeny

55
Q

Which is meiosis immediately after the union of gametes

A

Sporogony

56
Q

What are the asexual?

A

Binary and Multiple Fission

57
Q

What are the Sexual?

A

Syngamy & Conjugation

58
Q

involves the union of entire cells

A

Syngamy

59
Q

What are the gametes?

A

Female macrogamete & Male microgamete

60
Q

Product of Sporogony

A

Sporozoites

61
Q

Product of syngamy

A

Zygote

62
Q

Move by means of cytoplasmic protrusions called pseudopods

A

Subphylum Sarcodina(Amoeba)

63
Q

All are commensals except _______

A

E. Histolytica

64
Q

All are found in the INTESTINAL LUMEN except:

A

E. gingivalis

65
Q

All have CYSTIC STAGE except:

A

E. gingivalis

66
Q

What are the group of amoebae?

A

Parasitic and Pathogenic Free-Living

67
Q

What are the parasitic group of Amoebae?

A

Entamoeba, Endolimax, Iodamoeba

68
Q

What are the pathogenic Free- Living Group of Amoebae?

A

Naeglaeria & Acanthamoeba

69
Q

ingestion of infective cyst in contaminated food and water

A

Subphylum Sarcodina

70
Q

E. histolytica was discovered by Losch in _____

A

1875

71
Q

He reported the case of a young man with dysentery, who later died of liver abscess in 1890.

A

William Osler

72
Q

He established the pathogenesis of intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis

A

Councilman and Lafleur in 1891

73
Q

Councilman and Lafleur introduced the terms _______ & _______.

A

Amoebic Dysentery and Amoebic liver abscess

74
Q

Cysts of E. histolytica viable in water for?

A

9-30 days

75
Q

Cyst of E. histolytica killed by:

A

Hyperchlorination, Addition of Iodine, boiling(50-55degC)

76
Q

In moist soil condition, they can survive for up to:
8days:______
40 days:_______
60 days:_______

A

:28 to 34 deg C
:2 to 6 deg C
:0 deg C

77
Q

Mode of transmission

Unprotected Sex via:

A

Oral-anal contacts
Homosexual males
Gay Bowel Syndrome

78
Q

He was the first used of Gay Bowel Syndrome. In what year?

A

Henry Kazal and colleagues, 1976

79
Q

What is the difference between E.dispar to E. histolytica

A

DNA and ribosomal RNA, isoenzyme pattern

80
Q

Ratio of E. dispar to E. histolytica

A

10:1

81
Q

Incubation period of amoebiasis

A

4days to 4 months/1 month to 4 months

82
Q

Percentage of Asymptomatic in Intestinal Amoebiasis

A

90%

83
Q

In Symptomatic, it is known as intestinal infxn

A

Amebic colitis

84
Q

In Intestinal Amoebiasis, it is part of symptomatic that has a present of blood and mucus in stool

A

Amebic Dysentery

85
Q

In pathogenic mechanism, it is the attachment to cells

A

Cytoadherence

86
Q

Secretion of enzyme in pathogenic mechanism

A

Proteolysis

87
Q

What is the enzyme in Proteolysis?

A

Cysteine Proteinase

88
Q

What is the funxn of enzyme Cysteine Proteinase?

A

Inactive complement factor C3

89
Q

•Lysis of Host cells

A

Cytolysis

90
Q

It blocks the attachment of the Parasite

A

Glycoproteins

91
Q

E. histolytica strains can be classified into at least ______ zymodemes

A

22

92
Q

Napkin-ring Constriction

A

Amoeboma

93
Q

Most common extraintestinal complication of amoebiasis

A

Hepatic Amoebiasis

94
Q

It is a chocolate brown sputum

A

Hepatobronchial fistula

95
Q

it occur by direct hematogenous spread from the colon bypassing the liver.

A

Pulmonary Amoebiasis

96
Q

Metastatic Amoebiasis abscesses in?

A

Kidney, Brain, spleen and adrenals

97
Q

It occur by direct extension around anus,colostomy site, and discharging sinuses from amoebic abscess

A

Cutaneous Amoebiasis

98
Q

Dosage for Chloroquine

A

1g for 2days followed by 5g daily for 3 weeks

99
Q

Dosage for Tinidazole

A

2g/day for 3 days

100
Q

Dosage for Metronidazole

A

750 mg/3x a day for 5-10days

101
Q

Dosage for paromomycin

A

30mg/kg, 4x a day, orally in 3 divided doses for 5-10 days

102
Q

Dosage for Iodoquinal

A

650 mg/ 3x a day for 20days

103
Q

It is a worldwide distribution and a nonpathogenic. Same Life cycle and Larger than E. histo

A

Entamoeba coli

104
Q

same morphological to E. histo but different in DNA & ribosomal RNA.

A

Entamoeba dispar

105
Q

1st detected in sewage

A

Entamoeba moshkovskii

106
Q

It is where E. histo is found. Same appearance with E.histo

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

107
Q

Parasite found in intestine of pigs and monkey. Sluggish motility

A

Entamoeba polecki

108
Q

It is global distribution

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

109
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis is found in:

A

Bronchial washing, cervical and vaginal smears

110
Q

It lives in human intestines and the trophozoite is small

A

Endolimax nana

111
Q

It has a Bull’s eye appearance

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

PARASIT MIDTERM (7 decks)

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