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PARASIT MIDTERM > Module 2 Protozoa > Flashcards

Module 2 Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

These are greek words means “first animal”

A

Protos & Zoon

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2
Q

Protozoa were historically regarded as _______ because they often possess animal like behaviors

A

One-celled animals

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3
Q

T/F:
Most of the protozoa are pathogenic but few may cause major diseases.

A

False

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4
Q

The structure of protozoan cell is composed of _______ and _______.

A

cytoplasmic body, nucleus

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5
Q

The various life function are carried out by specialized intracellular structure known as ______.

A

organelles

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6
Q

It is consist of ectoplasm and endoplasm that tge electron microscope has demonstrated to be very complex.

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

It is part of cytoplasm that consist of a thin outer ______.

A

ectoplasm

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8
Q

It is a voluminous inner

A

endoplasm

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9
Q

Give the 4 phyla of protozoa and the subphylum that are included.

A

1.Phylum Sarcomastigaphora
-Subphylum Sarcodina
-Subphylum Mastigaphora
2. Phylum Ciliophora
3. Phylum Apicomplexa
4. Phylum Microsopora

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10
Q

It appears more transparent, less granular, and more homogenous.

A

Ectoplasm

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11
Q

What are the locomotory organelles of protozoa arises from ectoplasm

A

Pseudopodia
Flagella
Cilia
Undulating membrane

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12
Q

a ciliate, food passes directly into a specialized “cell mouth” structure called cytosome.

A

Balantidium coli

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13
Q

Known as Cell Mouth

A

Cytosome

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14
Q

Excretion of undigested particles. Also known as “Cell Anus”

A

Cytophage

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15
Q

Where does the cytosome located?

A

Near the anterior end of the body

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16
Q

Feeding by Phagocytosis

A

Pseudopodia

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17
Q

Inactive cystic stage, Membranous

A

Cyst wall

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18
Q

It is necessary for survival outside the body and against the acidic digestivd juices of GIT

A

cyst wall

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19
Q

It has a function of movement, respiration, procurement of food, discharge of metabolic wastes, and protection

A

Ectoplasm

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20
Q

It consists of moderately dense granular protoplasm that immediately surrounds the nucleus

A

Endoplasm

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21
Q

It has a function of metabolism, nutrition, and food storage

A

Endoplasm

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22
Q

What organelles are in the Endoplasm?

A

•Mitochondria
•Golgi apparatus
•Microbodies
•Endoplasmic reticulum

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23
Q

Endoplasm also contain:

A

•Vacuoles
•Food Vacuoles
•Food Reserves
•Foreign Bodies

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24
Q

In endoplasm, what vacuoles are found in immature amorbic cysts?

A

Glycogen vacuoles and Chromatoidal bodies (bars)

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25
Transformation of a trophozoite stage into a cyst stage
Encystation
26
In which one individual divides into two of more or less equal parts
Binary Fission
27
Liberates daughter cells that are called merozoites
Schizogony
28
Permanent and complete fusion of male and female gametes
Sporogony
29
Interchange of nuclear material that takes place among ciliates
Conjugation
30
Extension of ectoplasm that aid amoeba in motility
Pseudopodia
31
Lateral expansion of the plasma membrane associated with flagellum
Undulating membrane
32
Specialized cell mouth found among the ciliates
Cytosome
33
Dense cytoplasmic inclusions made up of crystalline RNA and RNA binding proteins
Chromatoidal bodies
34
A mass of chromatin located within the nucleus of the certain protozoa
Karyosome
35
Main storage form of glucose
Glycogen vacuoles
36
What is the demonstration of Glycogen vacuoles in wet mount?
Staining brown color with iodine solution
37
Contains chromosomes that are essential for life, reproduction, and genetic composition of the organism.
Nucleus
38
The nucleus is bounded externally by a well defined _______?
Nuclear membrane
39
Found in most protozoa and irregular distribution of chromatin materials
Vesicular Nucleus
40
Trophozoites to Cyst
Encystation
41
Cyst to Trophozoites
Excystation
42
Found in a few protozoa only in Ciliates
Compact Nucleus
43
It is motile forms, vegetative stage, reproductive powers, feeding stage, and delicate.
Trophozoites
44
It has a resting stage and Nonmotile stage bounded by tough cell wall.Continuous infective stage
Cysts
45
Loss of motility, growth, and reproduction. Enclosing in a tough wall
Encystation
46
Plane of Fission: Amoebas:________ Flagellates:__________ Ciliates:_________
-random -longitudinal -transverse
47
It occurs in Apicomplexa
Multiple Fission
48
Nuclues and other essential organelles divided repeatedly followed by cytokines
Multiple Fission
49
A large number of daughter cells are produced
Multiple Fission
50
Before the division, all structures are duplicated
Binary Fission
51
What are the classification of Schizogony?
Schizonts/Meronts
52
Schizogony producing more asexual reproducing merozoites
Merogony
53
sometimes considered a form of internal budding
Endopolyogeny
54
the daughter cell form in the center of the mother cell rather than at the periphery.
Endopolyogeny
55
Which is meiosis immediately after the union of gametes
Sporogony
56
What are the asexual?
Binary and Multiple Fission
57
What are the Sexual?
Syngamy & Conjugation
58
involves the union of entire cells
Syngamy
59
What are the gametes?
Female macrogamete & Male microgamete
60
Product of Sporogony
Sporozoites
61
Product of syngamy
Zygote
62
Move by means of cytoplasmic protrusions called pseudopods
Subphylum Sarcodina(Amoeba)
63
All are commensals except _______
E. Histolytica
64
All are found in the INTESTINAL LUMEN except:
E. gingivalis
65
All have CYSTIC STAGE except:
E. gingivalis
66
What are the group of amoebae?
Parasitic and Pathogenic Free-Living
67
What are the parasitic group of Amoebae?
Entamoeba, Endolimax, Iodamoeba
68
What are the pathogenic Free- Living Group of Amoebae?
Naeglaeria & Acanthamoeba
69
ingestion of infective cyst in contaminated food and water
Subphylum Sarcodina
70
E. histolytica was discovered by Losch in _____
1875
71
He reported the case of a young man with dysentery, who later died of liver abscess in 1890.
William Osler
72
He established the pathogenesis of intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis
Councilman and Lafleur in 1891
73
Councilman and Lafleur introduced the terms _______ & _______.
Amoebic Dysentery and Amoebic liver abscess
74
Cysts of E. histolytica viable in water for?
9-30 days
75
Cyst of E. histolytica killed by:
Hyperchlorination, Addition of Iodine, boiling(50-55degC)
76
In moist soil condition, they can survive for up to: 8days:______ 40 days:_______ 60 days:_______
:28 to 34 deg C :2 to 6 deg C :0 deg C
77
Mode of transmission Unprotected Sex via:
Oral-anal contacts Homosexual males Gay Bowel Syndrome
78
He was the first used of Gay Bowel Syndrome. In what year?
Henry Kazal and colleagues, 1976
79
What is the difference between E.dispar to E. histolytica
DNA and ribosomal RNA, isoenzyme pattern
80
Ratio of E. dispar to E. histolytica
10:1
81
Incubation period of amoebiasis
4days to 4 months/1 month to 4 months
82
Percentage of Asymptomatic in Intestinal Amoebiasis
90%
83
In Symptomatic, it is known as intestinal infxn
Amebic colitis
84
In Intestinal Amoebiasis, it is part of symptomatic that has a present of blood and mucus in stool
Amebic Dysentery
85
In pathogenic mechanism, it is the attachment to cells
Cytoadherence
86
Secretion of enzyme in pathogenic mechanism
Proteolysis
87
What is the enzyme in Proteolysis?
Cysteine Proteinase
88
What is the funxn of enzyme Cysteine Proteinase?
Inactive complement factor C3
89
•Lysis of Host cells
Cytolysis
90
It blocks the attachment of the Parasite
Glycoproteins
91
E. histolytica strains can be classified into at least ______ zymodemes
22
92
Napkin-ring Constriction
Amoeboma
93
Most common extraintestinal complication of amoebiasis
Hepatic Amoebiasis
94
It is a chocolate brown sputum
Hepatobronchial fistula
95
it occur by direct hematogenous spread from the colon bypassing the liver.
Pulmonary Amoebiasis
96
Metastatic Amoebiasis abscesses in?
Kidney, Brain, spleen and adrenals
97
It occur by direct extension around anus,colostomy site, and discharging sinuses from amoebic abscess
Cutaneous Amoebiasis
98
Dosage for Chloroquine
1g for 2days followed by 5g daily for 3 weeks
99
Dosage for Tinidazole
2g/day for 3 days
100
Dosage for Metronidazole
750 mg/3x a day for 5-10days
101
Dosage for paromomycin
30mg/kg, 4x a day, orally in 3 divided doses for 5-10 days
102
Dosage for Iodoquinal
650 mg/ 3x a day for 20days
103
It is a worldwide distribution and a nonpathogenic. Same Life cycle and Larger than E. histo
Entamoeba coli
104
same morphological to E. histo but different in DNA & ribosomal RNA.
Entamoeba dispar
105
1st detected in sewage
Entamoeba moshkovskii
106
It is where E. histo is found. Same appearance with E.histo
Entamoeba hartmanni
107
Parasite found in intestine of pigs and monkey. Sluggish motility
Entamoeba polecki
108
It is global distribution
Entamoeba gingivalis
109
Entamoeba gingivalis is found in:
Bronchial washing, cervical and vaginal smears
110
It lives in human intestines and the trophozoite is small
Endolimax nana
111
It has a Bull’s eye appearance
Iodamoeba butschlii

PARASIT MIDTERM (7 decks)

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