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PARASIT MIDTERM > Hemoflagellates > Flashcards

Hemoflagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Hemoflagellates include the _____ and ____

A

leishmaniasis,trypanosomes

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2
Q

Hemoflagellates may infect the?

A

Blood
lymph nodes
muscles
reticuloendothelial system

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3
Q

It multiply in blood and tissue of humans

A

Hemoflagellates

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4
Q

In hemoflagellates, all species require an ______ intermediate host

A

arthropod

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5
Q

What are the basic structures of hemoflagellates?

A

Single flagellum, a nucleus and a kinetoplast
Blepharoplast and parabasal body
Axial filament/axoneme

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6
Q

What are the stages of Hemoflagellates?

A

Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

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7
Q

Size of amastigote?

A

5-3um

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8
Q

Appearance of Amastigote?

A

Round to oval

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9
Q

Features of Amastigote?

A

Kinetoplast present

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10
Q

Size of Primastigote?

A

9-15um

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11
Q

Appearance of Promastigote?

A

Long and Slender

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12
Q

It has a kinetoplast located in anterior end

A

Promastigote

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13
Q

It has a kinetoplast located anterior to the nucleus

A

Epimastigote

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14
Q

It has a kinetoplast located in the posterior end

A

Trypomastigote

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15
Q

It has an appearance of C,S,U seen in stained blood films

A

Trypomastigote

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16
Q

It has an undulating membrane extending half of the body length

A

Epimastigote

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17
Q

It has an undulating membrane extending entire body length

A

Trypomastigote

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18
Q

What are the stages that are extending from anterior end?

A

Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

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19
Q

It is known as old world cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania tropica

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20
Q

Leishmania tropica locally known as:

A

Oriental sore
Delhi boil
Aleppo button
Forest yaws
Baghdad/Jericho boil

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21
Q

It is known as new world cutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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22
Q

It is american or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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23
Q

It is known as visceral leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania donovani

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24
Q

Clinical diseases of Leishmania braziliensis

A

Espundia
Uta
Chiclero ulcer
Nasopharyngeal
Leishmaniasis

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25
Q

It has an habitat that endothelial cells of the infected skin, capillaries, and within the cytoplasm of large phagocytic monocytes

A

Leishmania tropica

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26
Q

It has an habitat that mucocutaneous junctions, particularly the nasal septum, mouth and pharynx

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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27
Q

It has an habitat that Endothelial cells of the reticuloendothelial system: liver, spleen, bone marrow, and visceral lymph nodes, and fixed tissue macrophages

A

Leishmania donovani

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28
Q

The Lab diagnosis should be skin scrapings (Wright’s or Giemsa stain)

A

Leishmania tropica

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29
Q

It has a lab diagnosis of Impression smears or tissue sections prepared from active lesions

A

Leishmania tropica

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30
Q

Biopsies should be obtained from elevated, inflamed margins of lesion

A

Leishmania tropica

31
Q

Puncture of the ulcerated part

A

Leishmania braziliensis

32
Q

Demonstration of the parasite from smears prepared from lesion scrapings (particularly the edge)

A

Leishmania braziliensis

33
Q

It has a lab diagnosis of Blood smears, lymph node aspirate, Bone marrow puncture

A

Leishmania donovani

34
Q

What are the other laboratory methods in Leishmania species

A

Novy-Mcneal-Nicolle medium
Montenegro test(in vivo skin test)

35
Q

Lab diseases: Kala-azar fever,Dum-dum fever, death fever, tropical splenomegaly

A

Leishmania donovani

36
Q

It has a direct microscopy that fluid aspirate beneath ulcer bed, skin biopsy of ulcer

A

Cutaneous Lesion

37
Q

It is same with Cutaneous Lesion, mucosal scrapings

A

Mucocutaneous lesion

38
Q

It has a direct microscopy that tissue aspirates, blood

A

Visceral lesion

39
Q

Staining of Leishmania species

A

Giemsa Stain
Wright’s stain
Leishmanin’s Stain
H&E stain

40
Q

In Novy, Mcneal, Nicolle Medium,
Rabbit blood agar slope consisting of:

A

2 parts of salt agar
1 part of defibrinated rabbit blood

41
Q

In Novy, Mcneal, Nicolle Medium,
The material is inoculated into the water of condensation and culture is inucubated at?

A

22-24 degree C for 1-4 weeks

42
Q

Originally designed for cultivation of insect tissue culture cells

A

Schnelder’s Drosophila Medium

43
Q

It contains Inactivated fetal bovine serum, Antibiotic, Antimycotic solution

A

Schnelder’s Drosophila Medium

44
Q

Skin test used in Leishmania species

A

Montenegro skin test

45
Q

In skin test, what is the diameter and hour?

A

(+) 5mm induration after 12 hours

46
Q

Appearance in skin test of 5mm incubation after 12 hours

A

Wheal appearance

47
Q

What are the other non specific tests in Leishmania Species

A

Aldehyde Test of Napier(Formol Gel Test)
Antimony Test of Chopra

48
Q

Amounts in using Aldehyde Test in Napier (Formol Gel Test)

A

1-2mL px serum + 1-2drops of 40% formalin

49
Q

Amount used in Antimony Test of Chopra

A

4% urea stibamine + px serum

50
Q

Result in Aldehyde Test of Napier

A

(+) jellificaton

51
Q

Result in Antimony Test of Chopra

A

(+) Profuse flocculence

52
Q

Dulton , 1902

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

53
Q

Stephen and Fantham, 1910

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

54
Q

Chagas , 1909

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

55
Q

Known as West and Mild African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

56
Q

known as East African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

57
Q

South American Trypanosomiasis
Chagas Disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

58
Q

Trypanomiasis of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

A

Gambian Trypanomiasis

59
Q

Trypanomiasis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

A

Rhodesian Trypanosomiasis

60
Q

It is the only one that demonstrate the amastigote in macrophage

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

61
Q

Specimen used in T. brucei gambiense & rhodesiense

A

Blood
Tissue aspirates
Cerebrospinal fluid

62
Q

T. brucei gambiense & rhodesiense:
In Wet mount preparation this should barely visible

A

Trypomastigotes

63
Q

Permanent staining in T. brucei gambiense & rhodesiense

A

Giemsa stain
Romanowski stain (Wright’s stain, Leishmanin’s stain)

64
Q

What are the antibody detection in Immunodiagnosis of T. brucei gambiense & rhodesiense?

A

Indirect hemagglutinin (IHA)
Indirect Immunofluoresence (IFA)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)
Card agglutinatiin trypanosomiasis test (CATT)
Complement fixation test (CFT)

65
Q

Specimen used in Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Blood, tissue aspirate

66
Q

Tissue Culture of T. cruzi

A

NNN Medium

67
Q

In T. cruzi, Xenodiagnosid involves laboratory-bred bug:

A

Triatomine bug

68
Q

Bugs feces examind after?

A

3-4weeks

69
Q

Detection against T. cruzi

A

Antibodies (IgG)

70
Q

In T. cruzi, antigen can be detected in?

A

urine & sera of px w/ Chronic Chagas dse

71
Q

(Leishmania history)
He Discovered the kalaazar/Indian visceral leishmaniasis

A

Sir William Leishman

72
Q

He was the first describe amastigotes in the ulcers of skin in a man in Brazil

A

Lidenberg & Paranhos in 1909

73
Q

Named the species as L.braziliensis

A

Vianna (1991)

PARASIT MIDTERM (7 decks)

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