Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

mammalogy > Suborder Cetacea > Flashcards

Suborder Cetacea Flashcards

1
Q

Cetacea is Fully adapted to aquatic life.

A
  • Feed at the middle or top of marine food web

* Ability to echolocate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

• First whales from Eocene (~50 MYA) of Tethys Sea

A

– Transitional semi-aquatic forms
– Lacked baleen, had teeth
– Large eyes—suggests they hunted fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Some later forms (Mysticeti) had both teeth and baleen

A

• Limited bulk filter feeding possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Middle Miocene mysticetes lost teeth

A
  • Elongate rostrums to support more baleen

* Bulk filter feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

• Odontocetes (toothed whales) sister to

A

mysticetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cetacea • Thick layer of subcutaneous blubber

• Testes remain abdominal

A

• Vertebrae with high neural spines
• Teats enclosed within slits next to
urogenital opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
Cetacean Adaptations
• Must breathe air
– Able to alternate between 
– Rapid rates of 
– Twice the 
– 2–9 times 
– Blood bypasses 
• Blood flow to brain 
– Tolerate high levels
A 
–periods of eupnea
and apnea
–  gas exchange in lungs
–  number of red blood cells
–as much myoglobin
–  certain muscles during diving
•  maintained
– of lactic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
Cetacean Adaptations
• Deep diving adaptations
– Many ribs lack connection to sternum
– Lungs dorsal to 
– Volume of non-vascular air spaces 
– Trachea short and 
– Bronchioles braced by
A 
– lungs
collapse at depth
– diaphragm
–  is large
–  large in diameter
– cartilage rings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Cetacean Adaptations
• Swimming adaptations
– Sub-dermal “springs” in tailstock
– Drag reduced on body surfaces
– Larger body mass increases speed
A 
– store and
release elastic energy
– Compliant spongy layer in outer skin dampens
pressure and turbulence
– more favorable for thermoregulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mysticeti Baleen whales

A
  • Found in all oceans

* Populations decimated by whaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mysticeti • Three distinct feeding modes

A

– Grazing near surface – right whales
– Lunge feeding – rorquals
– Bottom scraping – gray whale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Family Balaenidae

are

A

• Right whales and bowhead whales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Family Balaenidae

• Huge head and tongue

A
  • Flippers short and rounded

* Dorsal fin absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Balaenidae – grazing

A

near surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Family Balaenopteridae

are

A

lung feeding Rorquals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Family Balaenopteridae Baleen plates

A

short and broad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Family Balaenopteridae have pleated or furrows throat

A

allow vast expansion of

throat during feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Family Balaenopteridae have throat pouch contracted

A

water and food

pass through baleen plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Family Balaenopteridae Mandible braced

A

by fronto-mandibular stay apparatus

20
Q

Family Balaenopteridae may also use bubble nets

A

– Swim below school of prey
– Circle prey while emitting constant stream of
bubbles
– Swim rapidly up through middle of bubble net
– Engulf prey at surface

21
Q

Family Eschrichtiidae are

A

gray whale and are from • Parts of North Pacific

22
Q

Family Eschrichtiidae have Small head

A

short baleen plates

23
Q

Family Eschrichtiidae

exhibit third style of feeding

A
  • Plow head through mud at bottom
  • Scoop or suck up sediments
  • Filter out marine organisms from bottom
24
Q

Family Odontoceti are

A
  • Toothed whales, porpoises, and dolphins

* All oceans and seas, and some river systems

25
Q

Family Odontoceti teeth don’t occlude

A

• Homodont and monophyodont

26
Q

Family Odontoceti echolocate

A

some may stun prey acoustically

27
Q

Family Delphinidae are from

A

• All oceans and some large rivers

28
Q

Family Delphinidae have a

A

Fatty-deposit “melon” sits above and

behind snout

29
Q

Family Delphinidae • Rapid swimmers, regular leaps

• Highly gregarious

A

– Form schools
– Highly vocal
– Cooperative behaviors in some species
– Intelligent

30
Q

Family Monodontidae are from

A

Arctic Oceans, Bering and Okhotsk seas, Hudson

Bay, and St. Lawrence River

31
Q 
Family Monodontidae
• Narwhal (Monodon monoceros)
–  
• Beluga (Delpinapterus leucas)
–
A
  • long, straight, forward-directed tusk
  • white whale
    Both species:
    – Gregarious
32
Q

Family Phocoenidae are

A

porpoises

33
Q

Family Phocoenidae have short jaws and no beak

A
  • Dorsal fin low or absent

* Form schools

34
Q

Family Physeteridae are

A

sperm whale

35
Q

Family Physeteridae • Huge blunt head

A

(one third total length)

36
Q

Family Physeteridae • Rostrum contains oil sacs—spermaceti organ and junk

A

• Oil important in former whaling industry

37
Q 
Physeter of Family Physeteridae:
– Social—groups of up to 
– Schools usually contain 
– Younger males form 
– Use powerful echolocation signals at 
– Feed on
A 
– 1,000 individuals
– one or more large males
–  “bachelor” schools
–  great depth
–  giant squid and fish
38
Q

Family Ziphiidae are

A

beaked whale

all oceans

39
Q

Family Ziphiidae have a single

A

lower tooth on each side on some

species

40
Q

Family Ziphiidae stomach

A

divided into 4–14 chambers

41
Q

Family Ziphiidae eat squid and deep-sea fish

A

• Teeth may be used primarily during
intraspecific social interactions, and of little
use during feeding

42
Q

River dolphins

A
  • Family Platanistidae

* Family Iniidae

43
Q

Family Platanistidae are from

A

– Southern Asia

44
Q

Family Platanistidae

– Eyes are reduced

A

Echolocation important in murky waters

– Tend to swim on sides

45
Q

Family Iniidae
– Amazon River dolphin (or boto)
– La Plata River dolphin (franciscana)
– Chinese river dolphin (baiji – extinct?)

A
  • Inia geoffrenis
  • Pontoporia blainvillei
  • Lipotes vexillifer
  • Yangtze River

mammalogy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions